触发器

使用触发器可以定制用户对表进行【增、删、改】操作时前后的行为

注意：没有查询

一、创建触发器

触发器基础语法：

# 插入前

CREATE TRIGGER tri_before_insert_tb1 BEFORE INSERT ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

    ...

END

# 插入后

CREATE TRIGGER tri_after_insert_tb1 AFTER INSERT ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

    ...

END

# 删除前

CREATE TRIGGER tri_before_delete_tb1 BEFORE DELETE ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

    ...

END

# 删除后

CREATE TRIGGER tri_after_delete_tb1 AFTER DELETE ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

    ...

END

# 更新前

CREATE TRIGGER tri_before_update_tb1 BEFORE UPDATE ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

    ...

END

# 更新后

CREATE TRIGGER tri_after_update_tb1 AFTER UPDATE ON tb1 FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

    ...

END

触发器举例应用:

#准备表

CREATE TABLE cmd (

    id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,

    USER CHAR (32),

    priv CHAR (10),

    cmd CHAR (64),

    sub_time datetime, #提交时间

    success enum ('yes', 'no') #0代表执行失败

);

CREATE TABLE errlog (

    id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,

    err_cmd CHAR (64),

    err_time datetime

);

#创建触发器

delimiter //

CREATE TRIGGER tri_after_insert_cmd AFTER INSERT ON cmd FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

    IF NEW.success = 'no' THEN #等值判断只有一个等号

            INSERT INTO errlog(err_cmd, err_time) VALUES(NEW.cmd, NEW.sub_time) ; #必须加分号

      END IF ; #必须加分号

END//

delimiter ;

#往表cmd中插入记录，触发触发器，根据IF的条件决定是否插入错误日志

INSERT INTO cmd (

    USER,

    priv,

    cmd,

    sub_time,

    success

)

VALUES

    ('duoduo','0755','ls -l /etc',NOW(),'yes'),

    ('duoduo','0755','cat /etc/passwd',NOW(),'no'),

    ('duoduo','0755','useradd xxx',NOW(),'no'),

    ('duoduo','0755','ps aux',NOW(),'yes');

#查询错误日志，发现有两条

mysql> select * from errlog;

+----+-----------------+---------------------+

| id | err_cmd         | err_time            |

+----+-----------------+---------------------+

|  1 | cat /etc/passwd | 2017-09-14 22:18:48 |

|  2 | useradd xxx     | 2017-09-14 22:18:48 |

+----+-----------------+---------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)