深入理解Aspnet Core之Identity(1)

最近学习asp.netcore 打算写出来和大家分享，我计划先写Identity部分，会从开始asp.netocre identity的简单实用开始，然后再去讲解主要的类和自定义这些类。

主题：asp.netcore Identity 的简单实用

创建项目：

使用asp.netcore 项目模版创建一个空（empty）项目，创建完成之后编辑.csproj文件，代码如下

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">

  <PropertyGroup>

    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.0</TargetFramework>

  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>

    <Folder Include="wwwroot\" />

  </ItemGroup>

<ItemGroup>

<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.All" Version="2.0.0" /> <DotNetCliToolReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet"

        Version="2.0.0" />

  </ItemGroup>

</Project>

增加了

<DotNetCliToolReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools.DotNet"

        Version="2.0.0" />

 这个行代码；
然后编辑 startup代码文件，增加mvc，和认证部分

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)

{

            services.AddMvc();

}

        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)

{

            app.UseStatusCodePages();

            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();

            app.UseStaticFiles();

            app.UseMvcWithDefaultRoute();

}

配置Identity

现在我们配置identity的信息，包括配置的修改，添加user类

1创建user类

user类代表了用户的账号信息，比如登陆名，密码，角色，email等信息，代码如下：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace DemoUser.Models

{

    public class AppUser:IdentityUser

    {

    }

}

我们是继承了 identityuser这个类，这个类已经包含了基本的用户信息属性，比如登陆名，密码，手机号等，该类的反编译之后信息如下：

// Decompiled with JetBrains decompiler

// Type: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser`1

// Assembly: Microsoft.Extensions.Identity.Stores, Version=2.0.1.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=adb9793829ddae60

// MVID: 7E04453E-9787-4C8F-ACD1-4ADA9BB7C88C

// Assembly location: /usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk/NuGetFallbackFolder/microsoft.extensions.identity.stores/2.0.1/lib/netstandard2.0/Microsoft.Extensions.Identity.Stores.dll

using System;

namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity

{

  /// <summary>Represents a user in the identity system</summary>

  /// <typeparam name="TKey">The type used for the primary key for the user.</typeparam>

  public class IdentityUser<TKey> where TKey : IEquatable<TKey>

  {

    /// <summary>

    /// Initializes a new instance of <see cref="T:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser`1" />.

    /// </summary>

    public IdentityUser()

    {

    }

    /// <summary>

    /// Initializes a new instance of <see cref="T:Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IdentityUser`1" />.

    /// </summary>

    /// <param name="userName">The user name.</param>

    public IdentityUser(string userName)

      : this()

    {

      this.UserName = userName;

    }

    /// <summary>Gets or sets the primary key for this user.</summary>

    public virtual TKey Id { get; set; }

    /// <summary>Gets or sets the user name for this user.</summary>

    public virtual string UserName { get; set; }

    /// <summary>Gets or sets the normalized user name for this user.</summary>

    public virtual string NormalizedUserName { get; set; }

    /// <summary>Gets or sets the email address for this user.</summary>

    public virtual string Email { get; set; }

    /// <summary>

    /// Gets or sets the normalized email address for this user.

    /// </summary>

    public virtual string NormalizedEmail { get; set; }

    /// <summary>

    /// Gets or sets a flag indicating if a user has confirmed their email address.

    /// </summary>

    /// <value>True if the email address has been confirmed, otherwise false.</value>

    public virtual bool EmailConfirmed { get; set; }

    /// <summary>

    /// Gets or sets a salted and hashed representation of the password for this user.

    /// </summary>

    public virtual string PasswordHash { get; set; }

    /// <summary>

    /// A random value that must change whenever a users credentials change (password changed, login removed)

    /// </summary>

    public virtual string SecurityStamp { get; set; }

    /// <summary>

    /// A random value that must change whenever a user is persisted to the store

    /// </summary>

    public virtual string ConcurrencyStamp { get; set; } = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

    /// <summary>Gets or sets a telephone number for the user.</summary>

    public virtual string PhoneNumber { get; set; }

    /// <summary>

    /// Gets or sets a flag indicating if a user has confirmed their telephone address.

    /// </summary>

    /// <value>True if the telephone number has been confirmed, otherwise false.</value>

    public virtual bool PhoneNumberConfirmed { get; set; }

    /// <summary>

    /// Gets or sets a flag indicating if two factor authentication is enabled for this user.

    /// </summary>

    /// <value>True if 2fa is enabled, otherwise false.</value>

    public virtual bool TwoFactorEnabled { get; set; }

    /// <summary>

    /// Gets or sets the date and time, in UTC, when any user lockout ends.

    /// </summary>

    /// <remarks>A value in the past means the user is not locked out.</remarks>

    public virtual DateTimeOffset? LockoutEnd { get; set; }

    /// <summary>

    /// Gets or sets a flag indicating if the user could be locked out.

    /// </summary>

    /// <value>True if the user could be locked out, otherwise false.</value>

    public virtual bool LockoutEnabled { get; set; }

    /// <summary>

    /// Gets or sets the number of failed login attempts for the current user.

    /// </summary>

    public virtual int AccessFailedCount { get; set; }

    /// <summary>Returns the username for this user.</summary>

    public override string ToString()

    {

      return this.UserName;

    }

  }

}

这个类已经定义好了一些关于账户的属性，，假如我们觉得还需要添加自定义的属性比如用户的地址，我们只需要在我们继承的类添加自定义的属性即可；

创建数据库上下文：

下面我们要创建一个数据上下文用于连接数据库，代码如下：

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.EntityFrameworkCore;

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

namespace DemoUser.Models

{

    public class AppIdentityDbContext :IdentityDbContext<AppUser>

    {

        public AppIdentityDbContext(DbContextOptions<AppIdentityDbContext> options)

            : base(options) { }

    }

}

配置数据库连接字符串：

为了连接数据库我们要配置一个连接字符串，修改appsettings.json文件如下：

{

  "Data": {

    "AppStoreIdentity": {

      "ConnectionString": "Server=192.168.0.4;Database=IdentityUsers;User ID =SA; Password=!@#"

    }

  }

}

下面我们需要在startup类配置连接字符串到数据库上下文；

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)

{

            services.AddDbContext<AppIdentityDbContext>(options =>

                options.UseSqlServer(

                    Configuration["Data:AppStoreIdentity:ConnectionString"]));

            services.AddIdentity<AppUser, IdentityRole>()

                .AddEntityFrameworkStores<AppIdentityDbContext>()

                .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

            services.AddMvc();

        }

创建数据库：

下面我们需要用EFCore去生成一个数据库：

打开控制台，定位到当前的项目，输入：

dotnet ef migrations add Initial


然后就会产生一个migrations文件夹，里面是我们要生成数据库的代码；
然后 在控制台输入：

dotnet ef database update


这样我们的数据库就生成了

这里是我上传的github仓库地址：https://github.com/bluetianx/AspnetCoreExample

后续：

我会创建一个具有增删改查的账户管理界面

巴特西