django_rest framework 接口开发（二）
2024-08-26 23:38:36
1 a. 认证
- 仅使用：
from django.views import View
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.authentication import BasicAuthentication
from rest_framework import exceptions
from rest_framework.request import Request class MyAuthentication(object):
def authenticate(self,request):
token = request._request.GET.get('token')
# 获取用户名和密码，去数据校验
if not token:
raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('用户认证失败')
return ("alex",None) def authenticate_header(self,val):
pass class DogView(APIView):
authentication_classes = [MyAuthentication,] def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
print(request)
print(request.user)
ret = {
'code':1000,
'msg':'xxx'
}
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret),status=201) def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse('创建Dog') def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse('更新Dog') def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse('删除Dog') 梳理：
1. 使用
- 创建类:继承BaseAuthentication； 实现：authenticate方法
- 返回值：
- None,我不管了，下一认证来执行。
- raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed('用户认证失败') # from rest_framework import exceptions
- (元素1，元素2) # 元素1赋值给request.user; 元素2赋值给request.auth - 局部使用
from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication,BasicAuthentication
class UserInfoView(APIView):
"""
订单相关业务
"""
authentication_classes = [BasicAuthentication,]
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
print(request.user)
return HttpResponse('用户信息')
- 全局使用：
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# 全局使用的认证类
"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":['api.utils.auth.FirstAuthtication','api.utils.auth.Authtication', ],
# "UNAUTHENTICATED_USER":lambda :"匿名用户"
"UNAUTHENTICATED_USER":None, # 匿名，request.user = None
"UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN":None,# 匿名，request.auth = None
}
2. 源码流程
- dispatch
- 封装request
- 获取定义的认证类（全局/局部），通过列表生成时创建对象。
- initial
- perform_authentication
request.user(内部循环....) 2. 权限
问题：不用视图不用权限可以访问 基本使用： class MyPermission(object): def has_permission(self,request,view):
if request.user.user_type != 3:
return False
return True class OrderView(APIView):
"""
订单相关业务(只有SVIP用户有权限)
"""
permission_classes = [MyPermission,] def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# request.user
# request.auth
self.dispatch
ret = {'code':1000,'msg':None,'data':None}
try:
ret['data'] = ORDER_DICT
except Exception as e:
pass
return JsonResponse(ret) 源码流程：
- ... 梳理：
1. 使用
- 类，必须继承：BasePermission，必须实现：has_permission方法
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission class SVIPPermission(BasePermission):
message = "必须是SVIP才能访问"
def has_permission(self,request,view):
if request.user.user_type != 3:
return False
return True
- 返回值：
- True, 有权访问
- False，无权访问
- 局部
class UserInfoView(APIView):
"""
订单相关业务（普通用户、VIP）
"""
permission_classes = [MyPermission1, ] def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return HttpResponse('用户信息') - 全局
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":['api.utils.permission.SVIPPermission']
} 2. 源码流程 3. 访问频率控制（节流）
问题：控制访问频率
import time
VISIT_RECORD = {} class VisitThrottle(object):
"""60s内只能访问3次""" def __init__(self):
self.history = None def allow_request(self,request,view):
# 1. 获取用户IP
remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
ctime = time.time()
if remote_addr not in VISIT_RECORD:
VISIT_RECORD[remote_addr] = [ctime,]
return True
history = VISIT_RECORD.get(remote_addr)
self.history = history while history and history[-1] < ctime - 60:
history.pop() if len(history) < 3:
history.insert(0,ctime)
return True # return True # 表示可以继续访问
# return False # 表示访问频率太高，被限制 def wait(self):
"""
还需要等多少秒才能访问
:return:
"""
ctime = time.time()
return 60 - (ctime - self.history[-1]) class AuthView(APIView):
"""
用于用户登录认证
"""
authentication_classes = []
permission_classes = []
throttle_classes = [VisitThrottle,] def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs): ret = {'code':1000,'msg':None}
try:
user = request._request.POST.get('username')
pwd = request._request.POST.get('password')
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user,password=pwd).first()
if not obj:
ret['code'] = 1001
ret['msg'] = "用户名或密码错误"
# 为登录用户创建token
token = md5(user)
# 存在就更新，不存在就创建
models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=obj,defaults={'token':token})
ret['token'] = token
except Exception as e:
ret['code'] = 1002
ret['msg'] = '请求异常' return JsonResponse(ret) 源码流程：
... 内置控制频率类：
from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle,SimpleRateThrottle
class VisitThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
scope = "Luffy" def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
return self.get_ident(request) class UserThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
scope = "LuffyUser" def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
return request.user.username REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# 全局使用的认证类
"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":['api.utils.auth.FirstAuthtication','api.utils.auth.Authtication', ],
# "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":['api.utils.auth.FirstAuthtication', ],
# "UNAUTHENTICATED_USER":lambda :"匿名用户"
"UNAUTHENTICATED_USER":None, # 匿名，request.user = None
"UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN":None,# 匿名，request.auth = None
"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":['api.utils.permission.SVIPPermission'],
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":["api.utils.throttle.UserThrottle"],
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES":{
"Luffy":'3/m',
"LuffyUser":'10/m',
}
} 梳理：
a. 基本使用
- 类， 继承：BaseThrottle，实现：allow_request、wait
- 类， 继承：SimpleRateThrottle，实现：get_cache_key、scope = "Luffy"（配置文件中的key） b. 局部
class AuthView(APIView):
"""
用于用户登录认证
"""
authentication_classes = []
permission_classes = []
throttle_classes = [VisitThrottle,] # ******************* def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs): ret = {'code':1000,'msg':None}
try:
user = request._request.POST.get('username')
pwd = request._request.POST.get('password')
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user,password=pwd).first()
if not obj:
ret['code'] = 1001
ret['msg'] = "用户名或密码错误"
# 为登录用户创建token
token = md5(user)
# 存在就更新，不存在就创建
models.UserToken.objects.update_or_create(user=obj,defaults={'token':token})
ret['token'] = token
except Exception as e:
ret['code'] = 1002
ret['msg'] = '请求异常' return JsonResponse(ret) c. 全局
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# 全局使用的认证类
"DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":['api.utils.auth.FirstAuthtication','api.utils.auth.Authtication', ],
# "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":['api.utils.auth.FirstAuthtication', ],
# "UNAUTHENTICATED_USER":lambda :"匿名用户"
"UNAUTHENTICATED_USER":None, # 匿名，request.user = None
"UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN":None,# 匿名，request.auth = None
"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":['api.utils.permission.SVIPPermission'], "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":["api.utils.throttle.UserThrottle"],
"DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES":{
"Luffy":'3/m',
"LuffyUser":'10/m',
}
}
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