// A class to track various object activities

#ifndef NOISY_H

#define NOISY_H

#include<iostream>

using std::endl;

using std::cout;

using std::ostream;

class Noisy{

    //设置一些static变量用来跟踪所有的创建，赋值（使用运算符operator=), 拷贝构造和析构操作

    static long create, assign, copycons, destroy;

    long id;

public:

    Noisy() :id(create++)//

    {

        cout << "d[" << id << "]" << endl;

    }

    Noisy(const Noisy& rv) :id(rv.id)

    {

        cout << "c[" << id << "]" << endl;

        ++copycons;

    }

    Noisy& operator=(const Noisy& rv){//赋值运算符operator=

        cout << "(" << id << ")=[" << rv.id << "]" << endl;

        id = rv.id;

        ++assign;

        return *this;

    }

    //为了支持排序和查找，Noisy 必须有运算符operator< 和 operator=

    //这仅仅是比较id值

    friend bool operator==(const Noisy& lv, const Noisy& rv)

    {

        return lv.id == rv.id;

    }

    friend bool operator<(const Noisy& lv, const Noisy& rv)

    {

        return lv.id < rv.id;

    }

    ~Noisy(){

        cout << "~[" << id << "]" << endl;

        ++destroy;

    }

    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Noisy& n)

    {

        return os << n.id;

    }

    friend class NoisyReport;

};

//Ojects  of type NoisyGen are funciton objects(since there is an operator())

//that produce Noisy objects during testing

struct NoisyGen{

    Noisy operator()(){

        return Noisy();

    }

};

//a singleton will automatically report the statistics as the program terminates

class NoisyReport{

    static NoisyReport nr;

    NoisyReport(){}//private constructor

    NoisyReport& operator=(NoisyReport&);//disallowed

    NoisyReport(const NoisyReport&);//disallowed

public:

    //beause we only want one report printed at program termination.

    //It has a private constructor  so no additional NoisyReport objects can be created

    //it disallows assignment and copy-construction,

    //and it has a single static instance of NoisyReport called nr.

    //the only executable statements are in the destructor, which is called as the program

    //exits

    //and static destructors are called.

    //the distructor printss the statistics captured by the static variables in Noisy

    ~NoisyReport()

    {

        cout << "\n.................\n"

            << "Noisy creations: " << Noisy::create

            << "\nCopy-Constructions: " << Noisy::copycons

            << "\nAssignment: " << Noisy::assign

            << "\nDestructions: " << Noisy::destroy << endl;

    }

};

#endif

#include"Noisy.h"

long Noisy::create = , Noisy::assign = , Noisy::copycons = , Noisy::destroy = ;

NoisyReport NoisyReport::nr;

//using Noisy.h, the following program shows a vector overflowing

#include<iostream>

#include<string>

#include<vector>

#include<cstdlib>

#include"Noisy.h"

using namespace  std;

int main(int argc, char* argv[])

{

    int size = ;

    if (argc >= ) size = atoi(argv[]);

    vector<Noisy> vn;

    Noisy n;

    for (int i = ; i < size; i++)

        vn.push_back(n);

    cout << "\n clearning up" << endl;

}