1.C shell/TC shell常用语法和结构

(1) shbang行: #!/bin/sh,通知内核使用哪种内核解释脚本;

#!/bin/csh 或 #!/bin/tcsh

(2) 注释: 以#开头;

#This is a comment

(3) 通配符: *等;

(4) 显示输出: echo “***”;

echo "Hello!"

(5) 局部变量设置: set variable_name=value;

set name="Tom"

(6) 全局变量设置: setenv VARIABLE_NAME value;

setenv PRINTER shakespeare

(7) 提取变量值: echo $variable_name;

echo $anme

echo $PRINTER

(8) 读取用户输入:通过$<从用户输入中读取一行并将其赋给一个变量,如set name=$<;

echo "What's your name?"

set name=$<

(9) 脚本命令行参数: scriptname arg1 arg2 arg3 ...,其中arg1,arg2,arg3...将依次赋给$1,$2,$3...(或者$argv[1], $argv[2], $argv[3]...);使用echo $*(或echo $argv[*])可以显示所有命令行参数;

scriptname arg1 arg2 arg3 ...

echo $1 $2 $3

echo $*

echo $argv[1] $argv[2] $argv[3]

echo $argv[*]

(10) 数组:用空格隔开的一系列词组成的词表,由一对圆括号括起来; 注意,使用索引访问数组中的某个单词,索引值从1开始,而不是从0开始;

set word_list = (word1 word2 word3)

set names = (Tom Harry)

shift names

echo $word_list[1]

echo $word_list[2]

echo $word_list or echo $word_list[*]

(11) 算术运算: 保存算数运算结果的变量必须以一个@符号加一个空格开头;

@ n = 5+5

echo $n

注1:符号@后面以及运算符两侧都必须有空格;

(12) 条件语句(if结构与switch结构)

#if结构

if(expression) then

    block of statements

endif

#if/else结构

if(expression)  then

    block of statements

else

    block of statements

endif

#if/else if/else结构

if(expression)  then

    block of statements

else if(expression)  then

    block of statements

else if(expression)  then

    block of statements

else

    block of statements

endif

switch (variable_name)

    case constant1:

       statements

    case constant2:

        statements

    case constant3:

        statements

    default:

        statements

endsw

(13) 循环语句(while循环与foreach循环)

while(expression)

    block of statements

end

foreach variable (word list)

    block of statements

end

(14) 文件测试

-r  当前用户可以读该文件

-w 当前用户可以写该文件

-x 当前用户可以执行该文件

-e 该文件存在

-o 该文件属于当前用户

-z 该文件长度为0

-d 该文件是一个目录

-f 该文件是一个普通文件

2.C shell/TC shell示例(比较有趣,可以发送邮件)

#!/bin/csh  #如果该句末尾加上-f,则表示不要执行.cshrc文件;通常情况下,每当一个新的csh程序启动时,会自动执行一个初始化文件;

# The party program-invitations to friends from the "guest" file

set guestfile=~/guests

if( ! -e "$guestfile") then

    echo "$guestfile:t non-existent"   #注意,:t比较有意思,如果不添加,会显示guestfile的完整名字,如果添加,则只显示guests;

    exit 1

endif

setenv PLACE "Sarotini's"

@ Time='date +%H' + 1

set food=( cheese crackers drinks "hot dogs" )

foreach person (`cat $guestfile`)

    if( $person =~ root ) continue

    mail -v -s "Parity" $person <<FINIS  #start of here document

    Hi $person! Please join me at $PLACE for party!

    Meet me at $Time o'clock.

    I'll bring the ice cream. Would you please bring $food[1] and

    anything else you would like to eat? Let me know if you can

    make it. Hope to see you soon.

        Your pal,

        ellie@`hostname`

FINIS

    shift food

    if( $#food ==0 ) then

        set food=( cheese crackers drinks "hot dogs" )

    endif

end

巴特西

shell脚本,shell语法和结构(以Cshell/TC shell为例)

1.C shell/TC shell常用语法和结构

2.C shell/TC shell示例(比较有趣,可以发送邮件)

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