docker 1.2 之docker基本用法
2024-10-20 15:50:46
1.docker的基本用法
镜像相关操作：dockerhub查找镜像，例如查找centos的镜像
[root@elk ~]# docker search centos
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
centos The official build of CentOS. 7142 [OK]
centos/systemd systemd enabled base container. 108 [OK]
centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 94
centos/postgresql-96-centos7 PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational … 45
kasmweb/centos-7-desktop CentOS 7 desktop for Kasm Workspaces 19
kasmweb/core-centos-7 CentOS 7 base image for Kasm Workspaces 3
continuumio/centos5_gcc5_base 3
couchbase/centos7-systemd centos7-systemd images with additional debug… 0 [OK]
datadog/centos-i386 0
couchbase/centos-72-jenkins-core 0
couchbase/centos-72-java-sdk 0
fnndsc/centos-python3 Source for a slim Centos-based Python3 image… 0 [OK]
bitnami/centos-extras-base 0
couchbase/centos-69-sdk-build 0
couchbase/centos-70-sdk-build 0
spack/centos6 CentOS 6 with Spack preinstalled 0
spack/centos-stream 0
starlingx/stx-centos StarlingX centos 0
ibmcom/fhe-toolkit-centos-amd64 The IBM Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) T… 0
ibmcom/fhe-toolkit-centos The IBM Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) T… 0
apache/couchdbci-centos Apache CouchDB CI CentOS 0
silintl/openldap OpenLDAP base image on Centos 6 0 [OK]
bitnami/centos-base-buildpack Centos base compilation image 0 [OK]
spack/centos7 CentOS 7 with Spack preinstalled 0
couchbase/centos-69-sdk-nodevtoolset-build 0
2.下载镜像，下载centos的
[root@elk ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest
3.查看本地镜像：
[root@elk ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 8 months ago 231MB
4.把镜像做成离线压缩包，格式：docker save -o 压缩包格式 压缩包名
[root@elk ~]# docker save -o centos.tar.gz centos
5.解压离线镜像包
[root@elk ~]# docker load -i centos.tar.gz
Loaded image: centos:latest
6.删除镜像
[root@elk ~]# docker rmi -f centos
Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: centos@sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Deleted: sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6
Deleted: sha256:74ddd0ec08fa43d09f32636ba91a0a3053b02cb4627c35051aff8
7.启动docker
（1）以交互式方式启动并进去容器
[root@elk ~]# docker run --name=hello centos /bin/bash
输入exit，退出容器，退出之后容器也会停止，不会再前台运行
#docker run运行并创建容器
--name 容器的名字
-i 交互式
-d 后台运行docker
-t 分配伪终端
centos: 启动docker需要的镜像
/bin/bash说明你的shell类型为bash
（2）以守护进程方式启动容器
[root@elk ~]# docker run --name=zhao -td centos /bin/bash
4c74154517e15ed57c9066789bbde0b01c9f67fd72366e1e84dfb7e40114b443
8.查看容器是否启动
[root@elk ~]# docker ps |grep zhao
4c74154517e1 centos "/bin/bash" 47 seconds ago Up 46 seconds
9.登录到容器中
[root@elk ~]# docker exec -it zhao /bin/bash
[root@4c74154517e1 /]# 显示前面主机名更换了说明就是登录到容器中了
exit #退出容器
[root@elk ~]# docker ps #查看正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4c74154517e1 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes
[root@elk ~]# docker ps -a #查看所有容器，包含正在运行和不在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4c74154517e1 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes zhao
19b4cafa3d13 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago hello
[root@elk ~]# docker stop zhao #停止容器
[root@elk ~]# docker start zhao #启动已经停止的容器
[root@elk ~]# docker rm -f hello #删除容器
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