Drf(DjangoRestFramewok)
2024-09-07 03:42:28
第一部分 问题
1.前后端分离? vue.js 后端给前段返回json数据 2.移动端盛行。 app 后端给app返回json数据 3.PC端应用? crm项目,前段后端一起写,运行在浏览器上。 一般情况下都是PC端使用。
第二部分 任务
以前的我们 : http://127.0.0.1:8000/info/get/
http://127.0.0.1:8000/info/add/
http://127.0.0.1:8000/info/update/
http://127.0.0.1:8000/info/delete/
现在的我们:要遵循restful规范 http://127.0.0.1:8000/info/
get,获取数据
post,添加
put,更新
delete,删除
基于django可以实现遵循restful规范的接口开发: FBV,可以实现比较麻烦。 CBV,相比较简答根据method做的了不同的区分。
第三部分 初识drf
3.1 安装
pip3 install djangorestframework
3.2 使用
注册app INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'rest_framework'
]
写路由 from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from api import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^drf/info/', views.DrfInfoView.as_view()),
]
写视图 from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
class DrfInfoView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
data = [
{'id': , 'title': '震惊了...王阳居然...', 'content': '...'},
{'id': , 'title': '震惊了...王阳居然...', 'content': '...'},
{'id': , 'title': '震惊了...王阳居然...', 'content': '...'},
{'id': , 'title': '震惊了...王阳居然...', 'content': '...'},
]
return Response(data)
DRF的应用场景
以后在公司参与前后端分离项目、参与为app写接口时,用drf会比较方便。
总结
restful规范 .给别人提供一个URL,根据URL请求方式的不同,做不同操作。
get,获取
post,增加
put,全部更新
patch,局部更新
delete,删除
.数据传输基于json格式。
drf框架 不基于drf也可以实现restful规范来开发接口程序。
使用了drf之后,可以快速帮我们开发restful规范来开发接口。
第四部分
4.1 创建程序并初始化数据库
4.2 接口:实现访问接口时,创建一个文章类型
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from api import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^drf/category/', views.DrfCategoryView.as_view()),
]
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
class DrfCategoryView(APIView):
pass
假设:我是前段,你是后端。 开发完毕之后告诉前端: http://127.0.0.1:8000/drf/category/
用工具模拟前端发请求:postman x-www-urlencoded request.body: name=alex&age=&gender=
request.POST: {'name': ['alex'], 'age': [''], 'gender': ['']}
json request.body: b'{"ID":1,"name":"Alex","age":19}'
request.POST: 没有值
参考答案
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from api import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^info/', views.InfoView.as_view()),
url(r'^drf/info/', views.DrfInfoView.as_view()),
url(r'^drf/category/', views.DrfCategoryView.as_view()),
]
from api import models
class DrfCategoryView(APIView):
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
"""增加一条分类信息"""
models.Category.objects.create(**request.data)
return Response('成功')
4.3 接口:获取所有文章类型
from api import models
class DrfCategoryView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
"""获取所有文章分类"""
queryset = models.Category.objects.all().values('id','name')
data_list = list(queryset)
return Response(data_list)
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
"""增加一条分类信息"""
models.Category.objects.create(**request.data)
return Response('成功')
4.4 接口:获取一条文章类型的详细信息
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from api import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^drf/category/$', views.DrfCategoryView.as_view()),
url(r'^drf/category/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.DrfCategoryView.as_view()),
]
from api import models
from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
class DrfCategoryView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
"""获取所有文章分类/单个文章分类"""
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if not pk:
queryset = models.Category.objects.all().values('id','name')
data_list = list(queryset)
return Response(data_list)
else:
category_object = models.Category.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
data = model_to_dict(category_object)
return Response(data)
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
"""增加一条分类信息"""
models.Category.objects.create(**request.data)
return Response('成功')
4.5 接口:文章分类的更新和删除
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from api import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^drf/category/$', views.DrfCategoryView.as_view()),
url(r'^drf/category/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.DrfCategoryView.as_view()),
]
from api import models
from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
class DrfCategoryView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
"""获取所有文章分类/单个文章分类"""
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if not pk:
queryset = models.Category.objects.all().values('id','name')
data_list = list(queryset)
return Response(data_list)
else:
category_object = models.Category.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
data = model_to_dict(category_object)
return Response(data)
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
"""增加一条分类信息"""
models.Category.objects.create(**request.data)
return Response('成功')
def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
"""删除"""
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
models.Category.objects.filter(id=pk).delete()
return Response('删除成功')
def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
"""更新"""
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
models.Category.objects.filter(id=pk).update(**request.data)
return Response('更新成功')
第五部分 drf的序列化
drf的 serializers帮助我们提供了 数据校验 序列化 from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from api import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^info/$', views.InfoView.as_view()),
url(r'^drf/info/$', views.DrfInfoView.as_view()),
url(r'^drf/category/$', views.DrfCategoryView.as_view()),
url(r'^drf/category/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.DrfCategoryView.as_view()),
url(r'^new/category/$', views.NewCategoryView.as_view()),
url(r'^new/category/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.NewCategoryView.as_view()),
]
from rest_framework import serializers
class NewCategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Category
# fields = "__all__"
fields = ['id','name']
class NewCategoryView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if not pk:
queryset = models.Category.objects.all()
ser = NewCategorySerializer(instance=queryset,many=True)
return Response(ser.data)
else:
model_object = models.Category.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
ser = NewCategorySerializer(instance=model_object, many=False)
return Response(ser.data)
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
ser = NewCategorySerializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response(ser.data)
return Response(ser.errors)
def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
category_object = models.Category.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
ser = NewCategorySerializer(instance=category_object,data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response(ser.data)
return Response(ser.errors)
def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
models.Category.objects.filter(id=pk).delete()
return Response('删除成功')
总结
什么是前后端分离? drf组件 帮助们在django框架基础上快速搭建遵循restful规范接口的程序。
drf组件的功能 解析器,解析请求体中的数据,将其变成我们想要的格式。request.data 序列化,对对象或对象列表(queryset)进行序列化操作以及表单验证的功能。 视图,继承APIView(在内部apiview继承了django的View) postman 模拟浏览器进行发送请求
查找模板的顺序 优先根目录下:templates
根据app的注册顺序去每个app的templates目录中找。
在URL的最后添加终止符
对文章表做增删改查
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from api import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^info/$', views.InfoView.as_view()),
url(r'^drf/info/$', views.DrfInfoView.as_view()),
url(r'^drf/category/$', views.DrfCategoryView.as_view()),
url(r'^drf/category/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.DrfCategoryView.as_view()),
url(r'^new/category/$', views.NewCategoryView.as_view()),
url(r'^new/category/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.NewCategoryView.as_view()),
# get获取列表
# post增加数据
url(r'^drf/article/$', views.ArticleView.as_view()),
url(r'^drf/article/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.ArticleView.as_view()),
]
class ArticleView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
if not pk:
queryset = models.Article.objects.all()
ser = serializer.ArticleSerializer(instance=queryset,many=True)
return Response(ser.data)
article_object = models.Article.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
ser = serializer.ArticleSerializer(instance=article_object, many=False)
return Response(ser.data)
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
ser = serializer.ArticleSerializer(data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response(ser.data)
return Response(ser.errors)
def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
"""全部更新"""
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
article_object = models.Article.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
ser = serializer.ArticleSerializer(instance=article_object,data=request.data)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response(ser.data)
return Response(ser.errors)
def patch(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
"""局部"""
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
article_object = models.Article.objects.filter(id=pk).first()
ser = serializer.ArticleSerializer(instance=article_object, data=request.data,partial=True)
if ser.is_valid():
ser.save()
return Response(ser.data)
return Response(ser.errors)
def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
models.Article.objects.filter(id=pk).delete()
return Response('删除成功')
from rest_framework import serializers
from api import models
class ArticleSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
category_txt = serializers.CharField(source='category.name',required=False)
x1 = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
status_txt = serializers.CharField(source='get_status_display',required=False)
x2 = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
class Meta:
model = models.Article
# fields = "__all__"
fields = ['id','title','summary','content','category','category_txt','x1','status','status_txt','x2']
# depth = 1
def get_x1(self,obj):
return obj.category.name
def get_x2(self,obj):
return obj.get_status_display()
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