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Input: Standard Input

Output: Standard Output

You must have heard the name of Kernighan and Ritchie, the authors of The C Programming Language. While coding in C, we use different control statements and loops, such as, if-then-else, for, do-while, etc. Consider the following fragment of pseudo code:

//execution starts here

do {

} while(condition);

In the above code, there is a bias in each conditional branch. Such codes can be represented by control flow graphs like below:

Let the probability of jumping from one node of the graph to any of its adjacent nodes be equal. So, in the above code fragment, the expected number of times U executes is 2. In this problem, you will be given with such a control flow graph and find the expected number of times a node is visited starting from a specific node.

Input

Input consists of several test cases. There will be maximum 100 test cases. Each case starts with an integer: n (n ≤ 100). Here n is the number of nodes in the graph. Each node in the graph is labeled with 1 ton and execution always starts from 1. Each of the next few lines has two integers: start and end which means execution may jump from node startto node end. A value of zero for start ends this list. After this, there will be an integer q (q ≤ 100) denoting the number of queries to come. Next q lines contain a node number for which you have to evaluate the expected number of times the node is visited. The last test case has value of zero for n which should not be processed.

Output

Output for each test case should start with Case #i: with next q lines containing the results of the queries in the input with three decimal places. There can be situations where a node will be visited forever (for example, an infinite for loop). In such cases, you should print infinity (without the quotes). See the sample output section for details of formatting.

Sample Input Output for Sample Input

1 2

2 3

2 1

0 0

1 2

2 3

3 1

0 0

Case #1:

2.000

1.000

Case #2:

infinity

infinity

Problem setter: Mohammad Sajjad Hossain

Special Thanks: Shahriar Manzoor

 #include <iostream>

 #include <cstdio>

 #include <cstring>

 #include <vector>

 #include <cmath>

 using namespace std;

 const int maxn=;

 const double eps=1e-;

 typedef double Matrix[maxn][maxn];

 Matrix A;

 int n,d[maxn];//d数组存i节点的初读

 bool inf[maxn];//标记无穷变量

 vector<int> pre[maxn];//存i节点的前驱

 void swap(double &a,double &b){double t=a;a=b;b=t;}

 void gauss_jordan()

 {

     int i,j,r,k;

     for(i=;i<n;i++)

     {

         r=i;

         for(j=i+;j<n;j++)

             if(fabs(A[j][i])>fabs(A[r][i])) r=j;

             if(fabs(A[r][i])<eps) continue;

             if(r!=i)for(j=;j<=n;j++) swap(A[r][j],A[i][j]);

             //与第i行以外的其他行进行消元

             for(k=;k<n;k++) if(k!=i)

                 for(j=n;j>=i;j--) A[k][j]-=A[k][i]/A[i][i]*A[i][j];

     }

 }

 int main()

 {

     //freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);

     //freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);

     int i,j,icase=;

     while(scanf("%d",&n),n)

     {

         memset(d,,sizeof(d));

         for(i=;i<n;i++) pre[i].clear();

         int a,b;

         while(scanf("%d %d",&a,&b),a)

         {

             a--;b--;d[a]++;

             pre[b].push_back(a);

         }

         memset(A,,sizeof(A));

         for(i=;i<n;i++)//构造方程组

         {

             A[i][i]=;

             for(j=;j<pre[i].size();j++)

                 A[i][pre[i][j]]-=1.0/d[pre[i][j]];

             if(i==) A[i][n]=;

         }

         //解方程组，标记无穷变量

         gauss_jordan();

         memset(inf,,sizeof(inf));

         for(i=n-;i>=;i--)

         {

             if(fabs(A[i][i])<eps && fabs(A[i][n])>eps) inf[i]=true;//这个变量无解，标记为无穷变量

             for(j=i+;j<n;j++)//跟无穷变量扯上关系的也是无穷的

                 if(fabs(A[i][j])>eps && inf[j]) inf[i]=true;

         }

         int q,p;

         scanf("%d",&q);

         printf("Case #%d:\n",++icase);

         while(q--)

         {

             scanf("%d",&p);p--;

             if(inf[p]) printf("infinity\n");

             else printf("%.3lf\n",fabs(A[p][p])<eps?0.0:A[p][n]/A[p][p]);

         }

     }

     return ;

 }

巴特西

uva 10828 高斯消元求数学期望

Output

Sample Input Output for Sample Input

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