介绍

前面讲过producer会将数据保存在RecordAccumulator中,并通过Sender发送数据。RecordAccumulator 就相当于一个队列保存着那些准备发送到server的数据。

在producer中,有几个参数和RecordAccumulator 有关系:

  1. buffer.memory

    buffer.memory主要用来保存要发送的数据,里面的内存大部分是用来让RecordAccumulator保存数据的。

  2. compression.type

    压缩格式

  3. batch.size

    每个发送的batch大小

  4. linger.ms

    如果batch没有达到batch.size大小,但是已经等待了linger.ms长的时间,也会发送

从上面的内容我们大体可以看出RecordAccumulator的作用:

  1. 数据读进来了,分配内存,并保存数据到一个一个的batch中,并返回是添加成功还是失败了。
  2. 找到那些满足发送条件的batches,然后由sender发送,发送的时候,如果有需要保证发送信息的前后顺序。
  3. flush数据,将所有的消息都发送出去。
  4. 强行停止,所有的batch都不发送了。
  5. 释放内存,2,3,4执行完了后,都需要将对应的batch占用的内存释放掉。

RecordAccumulator 的数据都保存在指定大小的内存中,所以会有一个内存池来分配内存。这个变量就是private final BufferPool free;

private final ConcurrentMap<TopicPartition, Deque<RecordBatch>> batches; 是用来保存消息队列的。里面每个TopicPartition,都会有一个Deque,保存每个RecordBatch。RecordBatch的本质就是一个ByteBuffer,它的大小就是前面介绍中提到的batch.size的大小。



图1

图1表示的RecordAccumulator的内存分配,大部分都是给了batches,还有一小部分给了正在飞的batch(发送到服务器,但是没有收到response)

添加数据append

在KafkaProducer的doSend函数中,会调用append函数将数据写入accumulator 中。


private Future<RecordMetadata> doSend(ProducerRecord<K, V> record, Callback callback) { ....
RecordAccumulator.RecordAppendResult result = accumulator.append(tp, timestamp, serializedKey, serializedValue, interceptCallback, remainingWaitMs);
if (result.batchIsFull || result.newBatchCreated) {
log.trace("Waking up the sender since topic {} partition {} is either full or getting a new batch", record.topic(), partition);
this.sender.wakeup();
}
return result.future;
....
}

append 函数主要将消息append到TopicPartition的batch中。在append的时候,如果batch已经存在了,就直接添加到对应的batch中。如果batch不存在,那就从bufferPool中申请一个新的内存,然后写入消息。

    public RecordAppendResult append(TopicPartition tp,
long timestamp,
byte[] key,
byte[] value,
Callback callback,
long maxTimeToBlock) throws InterruptedException {
// We keep track of the number of appending thread to make sure we do not miss batches in
// abortIncompleteBatches().
appendsInProgress.incrementAndGet();
try {
// check if we have an in-progress batch
// 创建或者获取 tp 对应的 Deque
Deque<RecordBatch> dq = getOrCreateDeque(tp);
// 如果有Deque中有batch,就往这个batch中添加信息,并返回添加结果,如果没有,就返回null
synchronized (dq) {
if (closed)
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot send after the producer is closed.");
RecordAppendResult appendResult = tryAppend(timestamp, key, value, callback, dq);
if (appendResult != null)
return appendResult;
} // we don't have an in-progress record batch try to allocate a new batch
// 如果没有batch, 就分配一个内存出来
int size = Math.max(this.batchSize, Records.LOG_OVERHEAD + Record.recordSize(key, value));
log.trace("Allocating a new {} byte message buffer for topic {} partition {}", size, tp.topic(), tp.partition());
ByteBuffer buffer = free.allocate(size, maxTimeToBlock);
synchronized (dq) {
// Need to check if producer is closed again after grabbing the dequeue lock.
if (closed)
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot send after the producer is closed.");
//再次尝试添加,如果添加成功了,那就说明已经有另外一个线程建好了batch,这个时候就把刚分配好的内存还到bufferPool
RecordAppendResult appendResult = tryAppend(timestamp, key, value, callback, dq);
if (appendResult != null) {
// Somebody else found us a batch, return the one we waited for! Hopefully this doesn't happen often...
free.deallocate(buffer);
return appendResult;
}
// 开始创建 batch
MemoryRecords records = MemoryRecords.emptyRecords(buffer, compression, this.batchSize);
RecordBatch batch = new RecordBatch(tp, records, time.milliseconds());
//开始添加消息到batch中,如果这次添加失败了,那就说明有问题了,抛出一个异常
// 不过应该不会发生返回null的情况
FutureRecordMetadata future = Utils.notNull(batch.tryAppend(timestamp, key, value, callback, time.milliseconds())); dq.addLast(batch);
// 将这个batch 标记为不完整
incomplete.add(batch);
return new RecordAppendResult(future, dq.size() > 1 || batch.records.isFull(), true);
}
} finally {
appendsInProgress.decrementAndGet();
}
}

在上面函数中有几点需要理解的地方:

  1. 分配内存这段代码并没有包含在synchronized 中,所以很可能同时会有多个线程申请内存。这个时候如果线程A申请到内存后,线程B已经创建好了,并且创建好了batch(这段代码用synchronized包含,所以同时只有一个线程进行操作)。那么线程A应该再次去尝试添加,如果添加成功了,就释放内存,将内存还给BufferPool。
  2. 为什么分配内存这段代码没有被包含在synchronized 中呢,因为BufferPool会一直等待,直到有足够的内存分配给申请的线程。如果加到synchronized中,那整个Deque都会被锁住,那其他线程就没办法访问这个Deque了。
  3. 如果数据写入到batch的频率和Sender发送的频率相等,那么每次写入batch的时候都需要申请内存,创建batch。如果数据写入到batch的频率大于Sender发送的频率,那么每次写入batch的时候就可以直接写入这个batch,直到batch满了或者等待的时间大于等于linger.ms。

获取数据

整个数据的获取都包含在Sender 的 run 函数中。

  1. 找到集群中那些已经准备好发送信息的节点。
  2. 获取要发送到这些节点的RecordBatchs.
  3. 找到那些已经过期的RecordBatchs。
 void run(long now) {
获取到当前的集群信息
Cluster cluster = metadata.fetch();
// get the list of partitions with data ready to send
获取当前准备发送的partitions,获取的条件如下:
1.record set 满了
2.record 等待的时间达到了 lingerms
3.accumulator 的内存满了
4.accumulator 要关闭了
RecordAccumulator.ReadyCheckResult result = this.accumulator.ready(cluster, now);
如果有些partition没有leader信息,更新metadata
// if there are any partitions whose leaders are not known yet, force metadata update
if (!result.unknownLeaderTopics.isEmpty()) {
// The set of topics with unknown leader contains topics with leader election pending as well as
// topics which may have expired. Add the topic again to metadata to ensure it is included
// and request metadata update, since there are messages to send to the topic.
for (String topic : result.unknownLeaderTopics)
this.metadata.add(topic);
this.metadata.requestUpdate();
}
去掉那些不能发送信息的节点,能够发送的原因有:
1.当前节点的信息是可以信赖的
2.能够往这些节点发送信息
// remove any nodes we aren't ready to send to
Iterator<Node> iter = result.readyNodes.iterator();
long notReadyTimeout = Long.MAX_VALUE;
while (iter.hasNext()) {
Node node = iter.next();
if (!this.client.ready(node, now)) {
iter.remove();
notReadyTimeout = Math.min(notReadyTimeout, this.client.connectionDelay(node, now));
}
} 获取要发送的records
// create produce requests
Map<Integer, List<RecordBatch>> batches = this.accumulator.drain(cluster,
result.readyNodes,
this.maxRequestSize,
now);
保证发送的顺序
if (guaranteeMessageOrder) {
// Mute all the partitions drained
for (List<RecordBatch> batchList : batches.values()) {
for (RecordBatch batch : batchList)
this.accumulator.mutePartition(batch.topicPartition);
}
} 检查那些过期的records
List<RecordBatch> expiredBatches = this.accumulator.abortExpiredBatches(this.requestTimeout, now);
// update sensors
for (RecordBatch expiredBatch : expiredBatches)
this.sensors.recordErrors(expiredBatch.topicPartition.topic(), expiredBatch.recordCount); sensors.updateProduceRequestMetrics(batches); 构建request并发送
List<ClientRequest> requests = createProduceRequests(batches, now);
// If we have any nodes that are ready to send + have sendable data, poll with 0 timeout so this can immediately
// loop and try sending more data. Otherwise, the timeout is determined by nodes that have partitions with data
// that isn't yet sendable (e.g. lingering, backing off). Note that this specifically does not include nodes
// with sendable data that aren't ready to send since they would cause busy looping.
long pollTimeout = Math.min(result.nextReadyCheckDelayMs, notReadyTimeout);
if (result.readyNodes.size() > 0) {
log.trace("Nodes with data ready to send: {}", result.readyNodes);
log.trace("Created {} produce requests: {}", requests.size(), requests);
pollTimeout = 0;
}
将这些requests加入channel中
for (ClientRequest request : requests)
client.send(request, now); // if some partitions are already ready to be sent, the select time would be 0;
// otherwise if some partition already has some data accumulated but not ready yet,
// the select time will be the time difference between now and its linger expiry time;
// otherwise the select time will be the time difference between now and the metadata expiry time;
真正的发送消息
this.client.poll(pollTimeout, now);
}

在发送消息之前,produer需要直到那些节点是可以发送消息的,而这个就是通过 public ReadyCheckResult ready(Cluster cluster, long nowMs) 来获得的。

mute

在这里需要了解RecordAccumulator 的一个成员变量private final Set<TopicPartition> muted;。这个set里面保存了所有已经发送batch到server中,但是没有收到ack的TopicPartition,俗称inflight。等到接收到server的reponse后,会将对应的TopicPartition从set中去掉。这样子就可以保证每个TopicPartition的发送顺序。

举例子,假如topic1要发送A,B,C三个batch到server。如果直接将A,B,C按照顺序发送过去,server的收到的顺序可能是C,B,A,这样子落到log中的顺序就变掉了。如果使用mute,发送A,mute里面就包含了topic1, 这个时候,Sender就不会从topic1所在的Deque中取batch了,直到produer收到了batch A 对应的response,然后从mute中去掉topic1。然后发送B...这样子就保证了服务器接收的顺序和producer发送的消息是一样的。

ready

在发送消息之前,需要确定一些信息:

  1. 哪些TopicPartition所对应的Node节点是可以发送信息的。
  2. 下次检查节点是否ready的时间。
  3. 哪些TopicPartition对应的leader找不到。

这些都是在ready函数中实现的,返回的结果封装在ReadyCheckResult中。

实际上,在发送过程中,可以向一个节点发送消息的时候需要满足下面的条件:

  1. 这个节点中至少有一个partition是可以正常发送的(没有处在backing off状态),并且这个 partition 没有 muted。
  2. batch 没有满,但是已经等了lingerMs 长的时间。
  3. accumulator 满了。
  4. accumulator 关闭了。
    public ReadyCheckResult ready(Cluster cluster, long nowMs) {
Set<Node> readyNodes = new HashSet<>();
long nextReadyCheckDelayMs = Long.MAX_VALUE;
Set<String> unknownLeaderTopics = new HashSet<>(); boolean exhausted = this.free.queued() > 0; for (Map.Entry<TopicPartition, Deque<RecordBatch>> entry : this.batches.entrySet()) {
TopicPartition part = entry.getKey();
Deque<RecordBatch> deque = entry.getValue();
/*
* 遍历batches中每个tp
* 获取tp对应的leader
*/
Node leader = cluster.leaderFor(part); synchronized (deque) {
// 如果 leader 为 null ,并且deque 不为空,说明要发送消息却找不到cluster中接收消息的节点
// 就添加到 unknownLeaderTopics
if (leader == null && !deque.isEmpty()) {
// This is a partition for which leader is not known, but messages are available to send.
// Note that entries are currently not removed from batches when deque is empty.
unknownLeaderTopics.add(part.topic());
// 如果leader 没有ready, 并且 part 没有在飞
} else if (!readyNodes.contains(leader) && !muted.contains(part)) {
RecordBatch batch = deque.peekFirst();
if (batch != null) {
// 如果这个 batch 重试了, 就看看这个 batch 上次发送的时间 + retryBackoffMs 的时间长度 比当前时间要晚
boolean backingOff = batch.attempts > 0 && batch.lastAttemptMs + retryBackoffMs > nowMs;
// 等待的时间
long waitedTimeMs = nowMs - batch.lastAttemptMs;
// 等待时间
long timeToWaitMs = backingOff ? retryBackoffMs : lingerMs;
// 剩余的时间
long timeLeftMs = Math.max(timeToWaitMs - waitedTimeMs, 0);
// batch 满了
boolean full = deque.size() > 1 || batch.records.isFull();
// batch 过期了,它等待的时间已经超过了 timeToWaitMs
boolean expired = waitedTimeMs >= timeToWaitMs;
boolean sendable = full || expired || exhausted || closed || flushInProgress(); if (sendable && !backingOff) {
readyNodes.add(leader);
} else {
// Note that this results in a conservative estimate since an un-sendable partition may have
// a leader that will later be found to have sendable data. However, this is good enough
// since we'll just wake up and then sleep again for the remaining time.
nextReadyCheckDelayMs = Math.min(timeLeftMs, nextReadyCheckDelayMs);
}
}
}
}
} return new ReadyCheckResult(readyNodes, nextReadyCheckDelayMs, unknownLeaderTopics);
}

drain

知道了要往那些Node 发送数据,就需要从accumulator中获取要发送的数据,要获取的数据的大小为max.request.size, 它是由几个不同的partition的batch组成的。这些batch可以被发送的的条件是:

  1. batch对应的tp没有数据在飞(已经发送出去了,但是没有收到response)。
  2. batch处在retry状态,并且已经等待了backoff长的时间。

通过drain 函数,就可以得到这次request要发送batches了。因为drain是多线程并发的,所以在从Deque中取batch的时候,需要synchronized(deque)。

    public Map<Integer, List<RecordBatch>> drain(Cluster cluster,
Set<Node> nodes,
int maxSize,
long now) {
if (nodes.isEmpty())
return Collections.emptyMap(); Map<Integer, List<RecordBatch>> batches = new HashMap<>();
for (Node node : nodes) {
int size = 0;
//获取node 中对应的partition
List<PartitionInfo> parts = cluster.partitionsForNode(node.id());
List<RecordBatch> ready = new ArrayList<>();
/* to make starvation less likely this loop doesn't start at 0 */
// 避免每次都从一个相同的partition开始,别的partition没机会发送数据
int start = drainIndex = drainIndex % parts.size();
do {
PartitionInfo part = parts.get(drainIndex);
TopicPartition tp = new TopicPartition(part.topic(), part.partition());
// Only proceed if the partition has no in-flight batches.
if (!muted.contains(tp)) {
Deque<RecordBatch> deque = getDeque(new TopicPartition(part.topic(), part.partition()));
if (deque != null) {
// 注意synchronized
synchronized (deque) {
RecordBatch first = deque.peekFirst();
if (first != null) {
// 查看当前batch 是不是在retry,并且没有达到需要等待的 backoff时间,如果不是的话,就加入
boolean backoff = first.attempts > 0 && first.lastAttemptMs + retryBackoffMs > now;
// Only drain the batch if it is not during backoff period.
if (!backoff) {
// 如果batch的大小大于maxSize 并且 ready 里面有东西,就停止
// 这时候有一种情况就是batch的大小大于maxSize但是ready 里面没有内容就把这个batch加入ready中
if (size + first.records.sizeInBytes() > maxSize && !ready.isEmpty()) {
// there is a rare case that a single batch size is larger than the request size due
// to compression; in this case we will still eventually send this batch in a single
// request
break;
} else {
//添加到ready, 注意要close batch.records
RecordBatch batch = deque.pollFirst();
batch.records.close();
size += batch.records.sizeInBytes();
ready.add(batch);
batch.drainedMs = now;
}
}
}
}
}
}
this.drainIndex = (this.drainIndex + 1) % parts.size();
} while (start != drainIndex);
batches.put(node.id(), ready);
}
return batches;
}

flush

在发送消息的时候,如果想要将所有的数据都发送出去,就需要调用kafkaproducer的flush函数。调用flush后,会将所有的batch都发送出去(不严谨)。

    public void flush() {
log.trace("Flushing accumulated records in producer.");
this.accumulator.beginFlush();
this.sender.wakeup();
try {
this.accumulator.awaitFlushCompletion();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new InterruptException("Flush interrupted.", e);
}
}

上面是flush函数的实现,首先开始flush,然后通知sender 发送消息,最后等待所有消息发送完毕。

这里面涉及到 RecordAccumulator 的一个成员变量flushesInProgress,它是一个AtomicInteger。当它大于0的时候,所有的batch都会被发送出去。

那么beginFlush就是将flushesInProgress++。

    public void beginFlush() {
this.flushesInProgress.getAndIncrement();
}

在ready函数中,判断是否可以发送batch的条件如下:

    public ReadyCheckResult ready(Cluster cluster, long nowMs) {
....
for (Map.Entry<TopicPartition, Deque<RecordBatch>> entry : this.batches.entrySet()) {
//判断条件
boolean sendable = full || expired || exhausted || closed || flushInProgress(); if (sendable && !backingOff) {
readyNodes.add(leader);
} else {
....
}
....
} boolean flushInProgress() {
return flushesInProgress.get() > 0;
}

在append 数据的时候,如果batch是新建的,就会将这个batch加入到incomplete 的Set中,直到收到了服务器的response,才会将这个batch从 incomplete 去掉。而awaitFlushCompletion就是等待incomplete 为空后,就结束了。这样子accumulator中所有的数据都会被发送出去。

    public void awaitFlushCompletion() throws InterruptedException {
try {
for (RecordBatch batch : this.incomplete.all())
batch.produceFuture.await();
} finally {
this.flushesInProgress.decrementAndGet();
}
}

abort

当然还有Sender要强制关闭的时候,这个时候就需要将accumulator中所有的batch占用的内存释放掉,然后close掉就Ok了。

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