最近无意翻开4年前做过的一个功能，就是搜集全国各城市各个区（县）的路（XX路、XX道、XX街、XX镇、XX乡、XX屯、XX村、XX社）。众所周知，我们都可以在网上找到省、市、区（县）这三级联动的数据，可是就并没有关于某个城市的某些区（县）下所对应的路（以下所有的路，道，街，镇，乡，屯，村，社统称为路）的数据，不过我们可以找到一些有地址的网站，例如大众点评网，里面就有很多一些饮食店等的具体地址。可以写个爬虫程序，把所有的详细地址先写进数据库的某个表中，然后再执行算法，把地址中有包含路、道、街、镇、乡、屯、村、社等属于第四级的数据写进对应的数据表（当然必须把第四级的数据对应到第三级区（县））。

1、首先需要建五张表（一个用来存放地址的表Address，一个用来存放全国的所有的省Province，一个用来存放属于省的城市City，一个用来存放属于城市的区(县)District，一个用来存放属于区的路Road）。下面是数据表关系图：

所有的表中的FID是外键表的ID，其中省Province的FID暂时没用到可忽略，其中flag是一个标志，如0表示新加，1表示修改，2表示删除等，shid和shengId是对应到其它表的，如某个城市的邮政编码，主要是用来搜集它们的一些对应的数据而已，这里可不考虑。下面是数据库查询的数据展示图：

2.其次是写一个根据输入的地址，返回省市区路四级联动的数据，然后把第四级路写进Road这个表并且把它的外键FID对应到第三级District区的主键ID

这里使用存储过程来处理，好了，那么问题就来了，执行的地址有好几种情况，在插入路这个数据之前需要对地址进行查找，有五种查找方式：

需要注意城市是否为直辖市（目前直辖市有四个：重庆市,北京市,天津市,上海市）

1）查找方式——省市区路，这个是最理想的，因为地址中已有前面三级的数据，首先找到省，然后找市，再找区，最后找路，如果路不存在就把路插入到Road表，返回省市区路

2）查找方式——省区路，这里只有省和区，首先找出省，然后找区，再根据区找到其所对应的城市，最后找路，如果路不存在就把路插入到Road表，返回省市区路

3）查找方式——省市路，这里只有省和市，于上面两种方式来说是比较复杂，首先找出省，然后找市，再根据路来找出对应的区，如果路不存在就把路插入到Road表，返回省市路

如果存在，则可找出区，返回省市区路。不存在时只能手工更正。

4）查找方式——市区路，这里只有市和区，首先找出市，然后根据市再找省，最后找路，如果路不存在就把路插入到Road表，返回省市区路

5）查找方式——市路，这里只有市，于上面四种方式是最复杂的，首先找出市，如果不是直辖市就找省，然后根据路来找区，如果路不存在就把路插入到Road表，返回省市路

如果存在，则可找出区，返回省市区路。不存在时只能手工更正。

以上是返回省市区路的五种查找方式，下面是存储过程：

GetAddress是查找方式的存储过程，返回省市区路，代码：

 ALTER pROCEDURE [dbo].[GetAddress]

 @address varchar(100),

  @NProvinceName varchar(30) OUTPUT,

  @NCityName     varchar(30) OUTPUT,

  @NDistrictName varchar(30) OUTPUT,

  @NRoadName     varchar(50) OUTPUT,

  @remain        varchar(50) OUTPUT,

  @PostCode      varchar(7) OUTPUT,

  @Road          varchar(100) output,    --新增，要插入road的路名

  @method        int        output,

  @number        int         output,

  @insert        bit   =1           --新增，是否插入

 AS

 BEGIN

 set @address=replace(@address,' ','');    --空格

 set @address=replace(@address,'    ','');    --制表符

 set @address=replace(@address,'０','');    --数字

 set @address=replace(@address,'１','');    --数字

 set @address=replace(@address,'２','');    --数字

 set @address=replace(@address,'３','');    --数字

 set @address=replace(@address,'４','');    --数字

 set @address=replace(@address,'５','');    --数字

 set @address=replace(@address,'６','');    --数字

 set @address=replace(@address,'７','');    --数字

 set @address=replace(@address,'８','');    --数字

 set @address=replace(@address,'９','');    --数字

   set @method=1

   set @number=0

   create table #temp(NProvinceName varchar(30),NCityName varchar(30),NDistrictName varchar(30),

                      NRoadName varchar(50),remain  varchar(50),PostCode varchar(7) ,Road varchar(100),method int,number int)

   while @method<=5

   begin

     exec ResAddress @address,@NProvinceName output,@NCityName output,

                   @NDistrictName output,@NRoadName output,@remain output,@PostCode output,@Road output,@method output,@number output

     insert into #temp values (@NProvinceName,@NCityName,@NDistrictName,@NRoadName,@remain,@PostCode,@Road,@method,@number)

     select @NProvinceName=null,@NCityName=null,@NDistrictName=null,@NRoadName=null,@remain=null,@PostCode=null,@number=0,@Road=null

     set @method=@method+1

   end 

 /*

  select top 1 @NProvinceName=NProvinceName,@NCityName=NCityName,@NDistrictName=NDistrictName,

           @NRoadName=NRoadName,@remain=remain,@PostCode=PostCode ,@method=method,@number=number,@Road=Road from #temp order by number desc

 */

  select top 1 @NProvinceName=dbo.F_Convert(NProvinceName,0),@NCityName=dbo.F_Convert(NCityName,0),@NDistrictName=dbo.F_Convert(NDistrictName,0),

               @NRoadName=dbo.F_Convert(NRoadName,0),@remain=dbo.F_Convert(remain,0),@PostCode=dbo.F_Convert(PostCode,0) ,

               @method=dbo.F_Convert(method,0),@number=dbo.F_Convert(number,0),@Road=dbo.F_Convert(Road,0) from #temp order by number desc

  if (@Road is not null) and (@insert=1)

     begin

       if not exists (select * from road where fid=left(@road,36) and title=RIGHT(@road,LEN(@ROAD)-36) and text=RIGHT(@road,LEN(@ROAD)-36))

       insert into Road(fid,title,flag,text) values(left(@road,36),RIGHT(@road,LEN(@ROAD)-36),2,RIGHT(@road,LEN(@ROAD)-36))

     end

   drop table #temp

 END

ResAddress是查找方式中需要调用的存储过程，其中有number这个返回一个数字，数字越大表示查找的难度就越大，代码：

 ALTER pROCEDURE [dbo].[ResAddress]

 @address varchar(100),

  @NProvinceName varchar(30) OUTPUT,

  @NCityName     varchar(30) OUTPUT,

  @NDistrictName varchar(30) OUTPUT,

  @NRoadName     varchar(50) OUTPUT,

  @remain        varchar(50) OUTPUT,

  @PostCode      varchar(7) OUTPUT,

  @Road          varchar(100) output,    --新增，要插入road的路名

  @method        int        output,

  @number        int        output

 AS

 BEGIN

 DECLARE @id            varchar(36)

 declare @fid           varchar(36)

 declare @text          varchar(30)

 declare @NAddress      varchar(200)

 set @NAddress=@address

 if @method=1    --查找方式 省市区路

 begin

 select top 1 @NProvinceName=title ,@id=id,@text=text from province where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%'  order by len(text) desc

   if (@NProvinceName is not null)

   begin

       set @number=@number+1                   --找到省计数加1

       select @id=id from province where title=@NProvinceName and shengid is not null

       set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')

   end 

 select top 1 @NCityName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid ,@text=text from city where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%'  and city.fid=@id order by len(text) desc

     if (@NCityName is not null)

     begin

        set @number=@number+1

        select @id=id from city where title=@NCityName and shiid is not null

        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')

     end

 select top 1 @NDistrictName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid,@text=text from district where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' and district.fid=@id order by len(text) desc

     if (@NDistrictName is not null)

     begin

        set @number=@number+1

         select @id=id from district where title=@NDistrictName and shiid is not null

        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')

     end

 select top 1 @NRoadName=title,@fid=fid,@id=id ,@PostCode=PostCode,@text=text from Road where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' and road.fid=@id order by len(text) desc

     if (@NRoadName is not null)

     begin

        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')

        set @number=@number+1

     end

 if @text is not null

 set @remain=right(@NAddress,len(@NAddress)-charindex(@text,@NAddress)-len(@text)+1)

 else

 set @remain=@Address

 if (@NRoadName is null) and (@NDistrictName is not null)

     goto GetRoad

 else

     goto finished

 end

 if @method=2                    --查找方式 省区路

 begin

   select top 1 @NProvinceName=title ,@id=id,@text=text from province where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' order by len(text) desc

   if (@NProvinceName is not null)

   begin

       set @number=@number+1                   --找到省计数加1

       select @id=id from province where title=@NProvinceName and shengid is not null --找省的标准ID

       set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')

   end 

   select top 1 @NDistrictName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid,@text=text from district where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%'

   and  district.fid in (select id from city where city.fid=@id) order by len(text) desc

     if (@NDistrictName is not null)

     begin

        select @id=id from district where title=@NDistrictName and shiid is not null   --找区的标准ID

        set @number=@number+1

        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')

     end

   SELECT @NCityName=title FROM City where id=@fid     --返回查找市名

   if  (@NCityName is not null)

   set @number=@number+1

   select top 1 @NRoadName=title,@fid=fid,@id=id ,@PostCode=PostCode,@text=text from Road where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%'

   and Road.fid=@id order by len(text) desc

     if (@NRoadName is not null)

     begin

        set @number=@number+1

        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')

     end

 if @text is not null

 set @remain=right(@NAddress,len(@NAddress)-charindex(@text,@NAddress)-len(@text)+1)

 else

 set @remain=@Address

 if (@NRoadName is null) and (@NDistrictName is not null)

     goto GetRoad

 else

     goto finished

 end

 if @method=3 --查找方式 省市路

 begin

   select top 1 @NProvinceName=title ,@id=id,@text=text from province where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' order by len(text) desc

   if (@NProvinceName is not null)

   begin

       set @number=@number+1                   --找到省计数加1

       select @id=id from province where title=@NProvinceName and shengid is not null --找省的标准ID

       set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')

   end 

  if @NProvinceName in ('重庆市','北京市','天津市','上海市')    --新增这个判断 2009-08-25

  begin

    select top 1 @NCityName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid,@text=text from city where city.fid=@id

    set @number=@number+1

  end

  else

  begin

  select top 1 @NCityName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid,@text=text from city where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%'

  and city.fid=@id order by len(text) desc

     if (@NCityName is not null)

     begin

        set @number=@number+1

        select @id=id from city where title=@NCityName and shiid is not null      --找市的标准ID

        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')

     end

  end

   select top 1 @NRoadName=title,@fid=fid,@id=id ,@PostCode=PostCode,@text=text from Road where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%'

   and road.fid in (select id from district where district.fid=@id) order by len(text) desc

     if (@NRoadName is not null)

     begin

        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')

        set @number=@number+1

     end

  select @NDistrictName=title from district where id=@fid    --返回查找区名

  if (@NDistrictName is not null)

     set @number=@number+1

 if @text is not null

 set @remain=right(@NAddress,len(@NAddress)-charindex(@text,@NAddress)-len(@text)+1)

 else

 set @remain=@Address

 if (@NRoadName is null) and (@NDistrictName is not null)

     goto GetRoad

 else

     goto finished

 end

 if @method=4    --查找方式 市区路

 begin

  select top 1 @NCityName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid ,@text=text from city where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' order by len(text) desc

     if (@NCityName is not null)

     begin

        select @id=id from city where title=@NCityName and shiid is not null      --找市的标准ID

        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')

        set @number=@number+1

     end

 select @NProvinceName=title from Province where id=@fid             --返回找省名

 if (@NProvinceName is not null)

 begin

    set @number=@number+1

 end

 select top 1 @NDistrictName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid, @text=text from district where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%'

 and  district.fid=@id order by len(text) desc

     if (@NDistrictName is not null)

     begin

        set @number=@number+1

        select @id=id from district where title=@NDistrictName and shiid is not null   --找区的标准ID

        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')

     end

 select top 1 @NRoadName=title,@fid=fid,@id=id ,@PostCode=PostCode,@text=text from Road where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%'

 and road.fid=@id order by len(text) desc

     if (@NRoadName is not null)

     begin

        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')

        set @number=@number+1

     end

 if @text is not null

 set @remain=right(@NAddress,len(@NAddress)-charindex(@text,@NAddress)-len(@text)+1)

 else

 set @remain=@Address

 if (@NRoadName is null) and (@NDistrictName is not null)

     goto GetRoad

 else

     goto finished

 end 

 if @method=5  --查找方式 ：市-路

 begin

    select top 1 @NCityName=title,@id=id,@fid=fid , @text=text from city where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%' order by len(text) desc

     if (@NCityName is not null)

     begin

        set @number=@number+1

        select @id=id from city where title=@NCityName and shiid is not null      --找市的标准ID

        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')

     end

    select @NProvinceName=title from Province where id=@fid             --返回找省名

    if (@NProvinceName is not null)

        set @number=@number+1

   select top 1 @NRoadName=title,@fid=fid,@id=id ,@PostCode=PostCode ,@text=text from Road where left(@Address,len(text)) like '%'+text+'%'

   and road.fid in (select id from district where district.fid=@id) order by len(text) desc

     if (@NRoadName is not null)

     begin

        set @Address=stuff(@Address,charindex(@text,@Address),LEN(@text),'')

        set @number=@number+1

     end

   select @NDistrictName=title from district where id=@fid    --返回查找区名

   if (@NDistrictName is not null)

       set @number=@number+1

 if @text is not null

 set @remain=right(@NAddress,len(@NAddress)-charindex(@text,@NAddress)-len(@text)+1)

 else

 set @remain=@Address

 if (@NRoadName is null) and (@NDistrictName is not null)

     goto GetRoad

 else

     goto finished

 end 

 GetRoad:                     --新增将返回@road

    if charindex('路',@Address)>0

      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('路',@Address))

    else if  charindex('道',@Address)>0

      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('道',@Address))

    else if  charindex('街',@Address)>0

      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('街',@Address))

    else if  charindex('镇',@Address)>0

      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('镇',@Address))

    else if  charindex('乡',@Address)>0

      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('乡',@Address))

    else if  charindex('屯',@Address)>0

      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('屯',@Address))

    else if  charindex('村',@Address)>0

      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('村',@Address))

    else if  charindex('社',@Address)>0

      set @Road=left(@address,charindex('社',@Address))

  set @road=@id+@road

 finished:

 END

execAddress是执行存储过程，根据输入的地址返回详细的地址，代码：

 ALTER Procedure [dbo].[execAddress]

 @inputaddress varchar(100)

 AS

 DECLARE    @return_value int,

         @NProvinceName varchar(30),

         @NCityName varchar(30),

         @NDistrictName varchar(30),

         @NRoadName varchar(50),

         @remain varchar(50),

         @PostCode varchar(7),

         @Road varchar(100),

         @method int,

         @number int

 EXEC    @return_value = [dbo].[GetAddress]

         @address = @inputaddress,

         @NProvinceName = @NProvinceName OUTPUT,

         @NCityName = @NCityName OUTPUT,

         @NDistrictName = @NDistrictName OUTPUT,

         @NRoadName = @NRoadName OUTPUT,

         @remain = @remain OUTPUT,

         @PostCode = @PostCode OUTPUT,

         @Road = @Road OUTPUT,

         @method = @method OUTPUT,

         @number = @number OUTPUT

以下是测试，根据输入的地址返回省市区路的详细地址，这里就只截图：

1.输入重庆新华路41-43号，点转换，执行存储过程execAddress，把返回的地址显示在输出地址里，如下图

这里是第五种查找方式（市路）也可能是第三种查找方式（省市路）。

2.输入广州海珠区广州大道客村墩和，返回广东省广州市海珠区广州大道客村墩和，如下图：

这里是第四种查找方式（市区路）。

以上就是介绍查找地址的方法，还没用到address表，这个表是前面所说的用来搜集有详细地址的，具体需要写一个网页爬虫的程序，去爬爬有地址的网站，如大众点评网，这里就介绍这么多了，有写得不好的还望各位手下留情~

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