import xlrd

 import xlwt

 from datetime import date,datetime

 def read_excel():

     """读取excel"""

     # 打开文件

     workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(r"D:\python_file\request_files\excelfile.xlsx", formatting_info=False)

     # 获取所有的sheet

     print("所有的工作表：",workbook.sheet_names())

     sheet1 = workbook.sheet_names()[0]

     # 根据sheet索引或者名称获取sheet内容

     sheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)

     sheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_name("Sheet1")

     # 打印出所有合并的单元格

     print(sheet1.merged_cells)

     for (row,row_range,col,col_range) in sheet1.merged_cells:

         print(sheet1.cell_value(row,col))

     # sheet1的名称、行数、列数

     print("工作表名称：%s，行数：%d，列数：%d" % (sheet1.name, sheet1.nrows, sheet1.ncols))

     # 获取整行和整列的值

     row = sheet1.row_values(1)

     col = sheet1.col_values(4)

     print("第2行的值：%s" % row)

     print("第5列的值：%s" % col)

     # 获取单元格的内容

     print("第一行第一列：%s" % sheet1.cell(0,0).value)

     print("第一行第二列：%s" % sheet1.cell_value(0,1))

     print("第一行第三列：%s" % sheet1.row(0)[2])

     # 获取单元格内容的数据类型

     # 类型 0 empty,1 string, 2 number, 3 date, 4 boolean, 5 error

     print("第二行第三列的数据类型：%s" % sheet1.cell(3,2).ctype)

     # 判断ctype类型是否等于data，如果等于，则用时间格式处理

     if sheet1.cell(3,2).ctype == 3:

         data_value = xlrd.xldate_as_tuple(sheet1.cell_value(3, 2),workbook.datemode)

         print(data_value)

         print(date(*data_value[:3]))

         print(date(*data_value[:3]).strftime("%Y\%m\%d"))

 def set_style(name,height,bold=False):

     """设置单元格样式"""

     style = xlwt.XFStyle()    # 初始化样式

     font = xlwt.Font()    # 为样式创建字体

     font.name = name    # 设置字体名字对应系统内字体

     font.bold = bold    # 是否加粗

     font.color_index = 5    # 设置字体颜色

     font.height = height    # 设置字体大小

     # 设置边框的大小

     borders = xlwt.Borders()

     borders.left = 6

     borders.right = 6

     borders.top = 6

     borders.bottom = 6

     style.font = font    # 为样式设置字体

     style.borders = borders

     return style

 def write_excel():

     """写入excel"""

     writeexcel = xlwt.Workbook()    # 创建工作表

     sheet1 = writeexcel.add_sheet(u"Sheet1", cell_overwrite_ok = True)    # 创建sheet

     row0 = ["编号", "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "生日", "学历"]

     num = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

     column0 = ["a1", "a2", "a3", "a4", "a5", "a6", "a7", "a8"]

     education = ["小学", "初中", "高中", "大学"]

     # 生成合并单元格

     i,j = 1,0

     while i < 2*len(education) and j < len(education):

         sheet1.write_merge(i, i+1, 5, 5, education[j], set_style("Arial", 200, True))

         i += 2

         j += 1

     # 生成第一行

     for i in range(0, 6):

         sheet1.write(0, i, row0[i])

     # 生成前两列

     for i in range(1, 9):

         sheet1.write(i, 0, i)

         sheet1.write(i, 1, "a1")

     # 添加超链接

     n = "HYPERLINK"

     sheet1.write_merge(9,9,0,5,xlwt.Formula(n + '("https://www.baidu.com")'))

     # 保存文件

     writeexcel.save("demo.xls")

 if __name__ == "__main__":

     read_excel()

     write_excel()