Python基础 小白[7天]入门笔记
2024-09-06 03:54:05
Day-1
基础知识(注释、输入、输出、循环、数据类型、随机数)
#-*- codeing = utf-8 -*-
#@Time : 2020/7/11 11:38
#@Author : HUGBOY
#@File : hello1.py
#@Software: PyCharm
print("hello word !")
#注释
'''
注释多行注释
'''
'''
===输入===
#格式化输出
a = 100
print("变量",a)
age = 18
print("我有%d个女朋友"%age)
print("my name is : %s,and natinal:%s"%("HUGBOY","CHINA"))
print("ndnd","kdghkds","akgh")
#用点连接
print("www","baidu","com",sep=".")
#不自动换行
print("hello",end = "")
print("hello",end = "\t")
print("hello",end = "\n")
print("hello")
'''
'''
#输入
password = input("请输入您的QQ密码：")
print("你的QQ密码是：",password)
a = input("The number a:")
print(type(a))
print("a value is: %s"%a)#input赋值的变量默认以字符串打印出来
#强制转换类型
b = input("类型转化：")
b = int(b)
#b = int(input("整形："))
print(type(b))
sum = b + 521
print("The sum value is:%d"%sum)
'''
'''
#if else判断语句
if True:
print("This ture")
else:
print("False")
if 0:
print("This false")
else:
print("Wow is true")
print("end")
'''
'''
score = int(input("你的分数："))
if score >= 90 and score <= 100:
print("score = %d成绩等级为：A"%score)
elif score >=80 and score < 90:
print("成绩等级为 B")
elif score >=70 and score < 80:
print("成绩等级为 C")
elif score >=60 and score < 70:
print("成绩等级为 D")
elif score > 100:
print("Your input number id EORR !")
else:
print("score = %d 不及格 ！"%score)
'''
'''
sex = 1 # man
girlfd = 1 # no girlfriend
if sex == 1:
print("你是小哥哥")
if girlfd == 1:
print("你个单身狗哈哈")
else:
print("甜蜜")
else:
print("你是小姐姐")
print("hello !!!")
'''
'''
#引入随机库
import random
x = random.randint(1,9)
print(x)
'''
#课堂练习 剪刀石头布游戏
import random
print("游戏规则 0代表石头、1代表剪刀、2代表布")
a = int(input("请出拳:"))
if a>2 or a<0 :
print("出拳错误！")
exit(0)
b = random.randint(0,2)
if a == b :
print("平局")
elif(b - a) == 1 or (b - a) == -2:
print("恭喜你获胜啦")
else:
print("很遗憾，你失败了")
print("我方 %d"%a)
print("对方 %d"%b)
Day-2
基础知识(循环、列表)
#-*- codeing = utf-8 -*-
#@Time : 2020/7/11 15:28
#@Author : HUGBOY
#@File : hello2.py
#@Software: PyCharm
#for 循环
for i in range(10):
print(i)
print("----------------")
#每次增3
for v in range(0,13,3):
print(v)
for v in range(-10,-120,-20):
print(v)
#对字符串
name = "zhaolin"
for i in name:
print(i)
#列表
a = ["you","me","he"]
for i in range(len(a)):
print(i,a[i])
#while循环
i = 0
while i<100:
print("Now is the %d times to run !"%(i+1))
print("i = %d"%i)
i+=1
#0~100求和
sum = 0
n = 0
while n<=100:
sum = sum + n
n+=1
print("sum = %d"%sum)
#while 和 else 混用
i = 0
while i<20:
print("i 还小 小于10")
i+=1
else:
print("i 很大 大于10")
#pass
a = 'blood'
for i in a:
if i == 'o':
pass
print("It is o,pass")
print(i)
#break continue
c = 0
while c <= 12:
c +=1
if c == 6:
print("-"*60)
print("The number is the half of 12,end!!!")
break#continue
else:
print("The nb is :%d"%c)
#课堂作业 九九乘法表
m = 0
while m <= 9:
m+=1
n=1
while n <= m:
print("%d * %d = %d"%(m,n,m*n),end=' ')
n += 1
else:
print("")
continue
Day-3
基础知识(字符串、转译、列表截取/切片、列表-增-删-查-改-、排序、嵌套)
#-*- codeing = utf-8 -*-
#@Time : 2020/7/11 18:52
#@Author : HUGBOY
#@File : hello3.py
#@Software: PyCharm
#alt shift f10
#字符串
word = 'CHINA'
sentence = "a national"
paragraph ="""
line1 which is my only love
line2 ........
line3 .......
"""
print(word)
print(sentence)
print(paragraph)
#转译
my1 = "I'm a student"
my2 = 'I\'m a student'
my3 ="she said :\"hhhhh\""
my4 = 'he had said "123"'
print(my1)
print(my2)
print(my3)
print(my4)
#截取
str = "hugboy"
print(str)
print(str[0])
print(str[0:5])
print(str[0:6:3])#步进值3
print(str[:3])
print(str[3:])
print("hello\nhugboy")
print(r"hello\nhugboy")#注释掉转译
print(("hello " + str + " !")*3)
#列表
list = ['123','abc','爬虫','iioi']
print(list)
print(list[0])
print(list[3])
print(type(list[0]))
alist = [123,'test']
print(type(alist[0]))
print('-'*30)
#list遍历
for i in list:
print(i)
n = 0
k = len(list)
while n<k:
print(n)
print(list[n])
n+=1
#增删改查
namelist = ["张三","李四","李华","小明"]
print(namelist)
#增
'''
#（追加 append）
new = input("请输入添加学生姓名:")
namelist.append(new)#末尾追加
print(namelist)
a = [1,2,3]
b = ['a','b','c']
print(a)
a.append(b)
print(a)
#（插入 insert）
a = [8,5,7]
print(a)
a.insert(1,99)
print(a)
#删
#(del)下标
movie = ["《你的名字》","《美丽人生》","《叶问》","《星际大战》"]
print(movie)
del movie[2]
print(movie)
#(pop)弹出末尾
movie.pop()
print(movie)
#(remove)
movie.remove("《你的名字》")
print(movie)
movie.append("《美丽人生》")
movie.remove("《美丽人生》")#元素重复时删除第一个
print(movie)
#改
namels = ["李一","王唯","李白","唐虎","李清照"]
print(namels)
namels[0] = "李四"
print(namels)
#查
#[in/not in]
findstu = input("Please input the name you want find:")
if findstu in namels:
print("找到啦")
else:
print(type(findstu))
print("同学 %s 不存在！"%findstu)
#(查索引)
a = ["a","c","d","e","d"]
print(a.index("c",0,3))#"c"是否存在于列表的 [0,3) 范围中
#print(a.index("v",0,2)
print("计数 'd' 出现的次数")
print(a.count("d"))
'''
'''
#排序
#(reverse)
nber = [1,7,3,2,5,9,4]
print("倒着输出")
nber.reverse()
print(nber)
#sort
print("sort升序")
nber.sort()
print(nber)
print("降序")
nber.sort(reverse = True)
#nber.reverse()
#嵌套
print("定义三个空列表")
school = [[],[],[]]
school = [["清华大学","北京大学"],["南阳理工","南阳师范"],["西北农业大学","兰州大学"]]
print(school[0][1])
print(nber)
'''
'''
#练习 三个老师随机分到三个办公室
import random
office = [[ ],[ ],[ ]]
teacher = ["tech-1","tech-2","tech-3","tech-4","tech-5","tech-6"]
for tech in teacher:
id = random.randint(0,2)
office[id].append(tech)
print(office)
i = 1
for offic in office:
print("办公室%d中人数为:%d"%(i,len(offic)))
i+=1
print("具体老师：")
for tech in offic:
print("%s"%tech,end = "\t")
print(end = "\n")
print("-"*60)
'''
#课堂作业 购物
products = [["iphone",7999],["MacPro",14999],["Coffee",29],["Book",699],["Nike",199]]
goodscar = []
print("--------商品列表--------")
num = 0
for i in products:
print("%d %s %d"%(num,i[0],i[1]))
num+=1
pay = 0
flag = 'n'
while flag != 'q':
id = int(input("选择商品编号，加入购物车:"))
if id == 0:
goodscar.append(products[0])
pay = pay + products[0][1]
elif id == 1:
goodscar.append(products[1])
pay = pay + products[1][1]
elif id == 2:
goodscar.append(products[2])
pay = pay + products[2][1]
elif id == 3:
goodscar.append(products[3])
pay = pay + products[3][1]
elif id == 4:
goodscar.append(products[4])
pay = pay + products[4][1]
flag = input("按任意键继续添加，按q退出:")
print("--------购物车列表--------")
num = 0
for i in goodscar:
print("%d %s %d"%(num,i[0],i[1]))
num+=1
print("------------------------")
print("总计￥：%d"%pay)
Day-4
基础知识(元组-及其增删查改、字典-及其增删查改、集合、枚举)
#-*- codeing = utf-8 -*-
#@Time : 2020/7/12 11:59
#@Author : HUGBOY
#@File : hello4.py
#@Software: PyCharm
'''
#元组
tup1 = (5)
print(type(tup1))
print("只有一个元素时要加逗号")
tup2 = (5,)
print(type(tup2))
tup3 = (5,2,1)
print(type(tup3))
tup = ("Apple","bra",20,60,85,100)
print(tup)
print(tup[0])
print("The last one is:")
print(tup[-1])
print("[ , ) 左闭右开")
print(tup[2:5])
#增删查改
temp1 = ('a','b','c',1,2,3)
temp2 = (7,8,9)
#add
print("其实是两个元组的连接")
temp = temp1 + temp2
print(temp)
#delete
print("删除整个元组")
print(temp1)
del temp1
#print(temp1)
#find
if 9 in temp2:
print("yes")
else:
print("no")
#edi
#temp[3] = 10 #报错--元组不可以修改
'''
#字典
print("字典就是 键-值 对")
info = {"name":"李沁","age":"17","work":"actor"}
#（键访问）
print(info["name"])
print(info["age"])
print(info["work"])
print("当访问键不存在，报错")
#print(info["home"])
#(get访问)
print("当访问键不存在，返回默认值")
print(info.get("home","No Value !"))
#增
#id = input("请输入演员编号：")
id = 123
info["ID"] = id
print(info)
#删
#(del)
print("del 删除了整个键值对")
print(info)
del info["ID"]
print(info)
print("删除字典")
# del info
# print(info)报错
#(clear)
print(info)
info.clear()
print(info)
#改
gil = {"name":"胡可小小","age":"19","where":"doyin","like":"beautful"}
print(gil)
print(gil["name"])
gil["name"] = "小小"
print(gil["name"])
print(gil)
#查
#(key)
print(gil.keys())
#(value)
print(gil.values())
#(一项 key-value)
print(gil.items())
#遍历
for key in gil.keys():
print(key)
for value in gil.values():
print(value)
for item in gil.items():
print(item)
for key,value in gil.items():
print("key = %s,value = %s"%(key,value))
#列表(枚举函数)
mylist = ["a","b","c",1,2,3]
for i in mylist:
print(i)
print("想拿到列表元素的下标")
for a,b in enumerate(mylist):
print(a,b)
#集合（可以去重）
print("集合中的元素不可重复")
s = set([1,2,3,3,6,7,8,8,8,])
print(s)
Day-5
函数
#-*- codeing = utf-8 -*-
#@Time : 2020/7/12 13:45
#@Author : HUGBOY
#@File : hello5_func.py
#@Software: PyCharm
#函数
def display():
print("*"*30)
print(" 若飞天上去，定做月边星。 ")
print(" --《咏萤火》")
print("*" *30)
display()
#(含参)
def add(x,y):
c = x + y
print(c)
add(20,30)
def add2(x,y):
c = x + y
return c
print(add2(100,20))
#(多个返回值)
def div(a,b):
sh = a//b
yu = a%b
return sh,yu
s,y = div(9,2)
print("商：%d 余数：%d"%(s,y))
#课堂练习
#1
def show():
print("-"*60)
show()
#2
def showpp(m):
i = 0
while i < m:
show()
i+=1
print("%d 条直线打印完毕！"%m)
#n = int(input("打印几条直线？："))
n = 5
showpp(n)
#3
def addthree(x,y,z):
sum = x+y+z
return sum
s = addthree(1,2,3)
print("求和结果：%d"%s)
#4
def mean(a,b,c):
sum = addthree(a,b,c)
rel = sum // 3
return rel
m = mean(7,8,9)
print("求平均值结果：%d"%m)
#全局变量&局部变量
Day-6
文件操作
#-*- codeing = utf-8 -*-
#@Time : 2020/7/12 15:20
#@Author : HUGBOY
#@File : hello6_file.py
#@Software: PyCharm
#文件
#(写)
f = open("test.txt","w")
f.write("Write succese,this is only a test ! \n")
f.write("Do you know a say that:\n'人生苦短，我选Python'\nHahaha......")
f.close()
#(读)
print("指针方式读取，按字符逐个读取")
f = open("test.txt","r")
content = f.read(10)
print(content)
content = f.read(20)
print(content)
f.close()
print("按行读取")
f = open("test.txt","r")
content = f.readline()
print(content)
content = f.readline()
print(content)
f.close()
print("按行读取所有")
f = open("test.txt","r")
content = f.readlines()#readlines()
print(content)
f.close()
print("优雅的读取哈哈")
f = open("test.txt","r")
content = f.readlines()#readlines()
i = 1
for con in content:
print("第 %d 行: %s"%(i,con))
i+=1
f.close()
#修改文件名
import os
#os.rename("test.txt", "NEWtest.txt")
Day-7
异常处理
#-*- codeing = utf-8 -*-
#@Time : 2020/7/12 16:02
#@Author : HUGBOY
#@File : hello7_error.py
#@Software: PyCharm
#捕获异常
#f = open("no.txt","r") 打开一个不存在的文件/会报错
try:
print("001-开头正常！")
f = open("no.txt","r")
print("002-结尾正常")
except IOError: #"文件没找到"属于IO/输入输出异常
print("报错已被拦截！")
pass
try:
print(num)
except NameError: #"num未定义"属于NameError异常
print("代码有错误！")
pass
#(多种异常)
try:
print("目前正常1！")
f = open("no.txt","r")
print(num)
except (IOError,NameError): #"文件没找到"属于IO/输入输出异常
print("有错误！")
pass
#(打印错误内容)
try:
print("目前正常2！")
f = open("no.txt","r")
print(num)
except (IOError,NameError) as result:
print("有错误，错误内容:")
print(result)
#(通用-捕获所有异常)
try:
print("目前正常3！")
print(num)
except Exception as result:
print("有错误，错误内容:")
print(result)
#嵌套
import time
try:
f = open("no.txt","r")
#f = open("test.txt","r")
try:
while True:
content = f.readline()
if len(content) == 0:
break
time.sleep(2)
print(content)
print("下面的finally 是必须要执行的内容")
finally:
f.close()
print("文件已关闭！")
except Exception as rel:
print("[嵌套]发生异常，异常内容：")
print(rel)
#课堂作业 文件拷贝
f = open("gushi.txt","w",encoding="utf-8")
f.write("《咏萤火》\n雨打灯难灭，风吹色更明。\n若飞天上去，定作月边星。")
f.close()
def read_txt():
try:
f = open("gushi.txt","r",encoding="utf-8")
read = f.readlines()
f.close()
return read
except Exception as error:
print("[read_txt]open file faluse ! ERROR:")
print(error)
finally:
print("读函数已执行！")
def write_txt(content):
try:
f = open("copy.txt","w",encoding="utf-8")
for s in content:
f.write(s)
f.close()
except Exception as error:
print("[write_txt]open file faluse ! ERROR:")
print(error)
finally:
print("写函数已执行！")
read_con = read_txt()
write_txt(read_con)
Wow!
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