python爬取快手小姐姐视频

流程分析

一、导入需要的三方库

import re    #正则表表达式文字匹配

import requests   #指定url，获取网页数据

import json    #转化json格式

import os     #创建文件

二、确定目标地址

快手的目标地址需要在https://www.kuaishou.com网站截取请求，需要在控制台network截取，找到真正的地址https://www.kuaishou.com/graphql

url = "https://www.kuaishou.com/graphql"   #目标网站url

三、确定数据位置

通过在network中搜索网页中显示的特定数据来确定data数据包，可以发现数据在data中。

四、伪装请求头、复制data数据

在控制台找到headers，复制里面的信息并手动转换成键值对的形式

在负载中找到以下信息，并封装到data里用于post请求

data = {    #封装data数据

        'operationName': "visionSearchPhoto",

        'query': "fragment photoContent on PhotoEntity {\n  id\n  duration\n  caption\n  likeCount\n  viewCount\n  realLikeCount\n  coverUrl\n  photoUrl\n  photoH265Url\n  manifest\n  manifestH265\n  videoResource\n  coverUrls {\n    url\n    __typename\n  }\n  timestamp\n  expTag\n  animatedCoverUrl\n  distance\n  videoRatio\n  liked\n  stereoType\n  profileUserTopPhoto\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment feedContent on Feed {\n  type\n  author {\n    id\n    name\n    headerUrl\n    following\n    headerUrls {\n      url\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  photo {\n    ...photoContent\n    __typename\n  }\n  canAddComment\n  llsid\n  status\n  currentPcursor\n  __typename\n}\n\nquery visionSearchPhoto($keyword: String, $pcursor: String, $searchSessionId: String, $page: String, $webPageArea: String) {\n  visionSearchPhoto(keyword: $keyword, pcursor: $pcursor, searchSessionId: $searchSessionId, page: $page, webPageArea: $webPageArea) {\n    result\n    llsid\n    webPageArea\n    feeds {\n      ...feedContent\n      __typename\n    }\n    searchSessionId\n    pcursor\n    aladdinBanner {\n      imgUrl\n      link\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n}\n",

        'variables': {'keyword': keyword,'pcursor': str(page),'page':"search",'searchSessionId':"MTRfNTU2NDg2NDBfMTY1MTE0Njk1MTk5OV_mhaLmkYdfNjA0NQ"}

        }

    data = json.dumps(data)     #将字典数据data转换成需要的json

    headers = {     #伪装请求头，模拟浏览器访问

        'accept': "*/*",

        'Accept-Encoding' : "gzip,deflate,br",

        'Accept-Language': "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6",

        'Connection': "keep-alive",

        'Content-Length': "1279",

        'content-type': "application/json",

        'Cookie': "clientid=3; did=web_3a9d9e97c96c8d33eddd663ef9362703; client_key=65890b29; kpf=PC_WEB; kpn=KUAISHOU_VISION; userId=55648640; kuaishou.server.web_st=ChZrdWFpc2hvdS5zZXJ2ZXIud2ViLnN0EqABVSIs0T2ccYTa7qgMDgpAdRiErWNJyU1r87iKEYuIWEo_oJSNGq4aTBB5sq0bA7iLeCMOoX0grrEbBkpPmehOVWEs_tC-cDytf6dxSLnrE9-tRQaVcHziopazhh5rroA2XZmHEjHAe6z9-AHD0ZTxV9nJPHeI0-k0wfn9DHvDcj8ZUgQexbGwXDeH2wBV_WSuzutsd3d5oLNmN-90a33TXhoS6uws2LN-siMyPVYdMaXTUH7FIiBd27-7kiEEP6BHgx67BTXhdNPtfA88SZZL4Q_uQ09AuCgFMAE; kuaishou.server.web_ph=b0d04539ad2d77e13d866a70f9e56371c4a6",

        'Host' : "www.kuaishou.com",

        'Origin': "https://www.kuaishou.com",

        'Referer': "https://www.kuaishou.com/search/video?searchKey=%E6%85%A2%E6%91%87",

        'sec-ch-ua': '" Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="100", "Microsoft Edge";v="100"',

        'sec-ch-ua-mobile' : "?0",

        'sec-ch-ua-platform': '" "Windows" "',

        'Sec-Fetch-Dest': "empty",

        'Sec-Fetch-Mode':"cors",

        'Sec-Fetch-Site': "same-origin",

        "User-Agent": "Mozilla / 5.0(Linux;Android6.0;Nexus5 Build / MRA58N) AppleWebKit / 537.36(KHTML, likeGecko) Chrome / 99.0.4844.51Mobile Safari / 537.36"

    }

五、发出请求

向网站发起请求，需要用到第三方requests库，进行访问。

 response = requests.post(url=url,headers=headers,data=data)     #向目标网站发出请求

六、数据解析

通过re库和xpath进行数据解析，解析到需要的数据封装到列表中。

json_data = response.json()    #转换json数据

    #print(json_data)

    feed_list = json_data['data']['visionSearchPhoto']['feeds']     #在标签中找出每一项的列表

    #print(feed_list)

    for feeds in feed_list:     #循环每一项

        title = feeds['photo']['caption']   #在网页中找出标题

        new_title = re.sub(r'[\/:*?"<>\n]','_',title)   #去除标题中的特殊字符

        photoUrl = feeds['photo']['photoUrl']       #找到视频的url地址

        mp4_data = requests.get(photoUrl).content   #转换视频二进制形式

七、保存数据

创建文件夹，并将数据保存到文件夹中。需要用到os库。

def mkdir(path):  #创建文件夹

    # 引入模块

    import os     #引入第三方库

    # 去除首位空格

    path = path.strip()

    # 去除尾部 \ 符号

    path = path.rstrip("\\")

    # 判断路径是否存在

    # 存在     True

    # 不存在   False

    isExists = os.path.exists(path)

    # 判断结果

    if not isExists:

        # 如果不存在则创建目录

        # 创建目录操作函数

        os.makedirs(path)

        print(path + ' 创建成功')

        return True

    else:

        # 如果目录存在则不创建，并提示目录已存在

        print(path + ' 目录已存在')

        return False

 with open(keyword+'/'+ new_title +'.mp4',mode="wb") as f:   #设定保存数据路径

            f.write(mp4_data)   #保存数据

            print("保存成功！",new_title)

完整源代码

# -*- coding = utf-8 -*-

# @Time : 2022/4/28 10:48

# @Author :王敬博

# @File : 快手小姐姐.py

# @Software: PyCharm

import re    #正则表表达式文字匹配

import requests   #指定url，获取网页数据

import json    #转化json格式

def mkdir(path):  #创建文件夹

    # 引入模块

    import os     #引入第三方库

    # 去除首位空格

    path = path.strip()

    # 去除尾部 \ 符号

    path = path.rstrip("\\")

    # 判断路径是否存在

    # 存在     True

    # 不存在   False

    isExists = os.path.exists(path)

    # 判断结果

    if not isExists:

        # 如果不存在则创建目录

        # 创建目录操作函数

        os.makedirs(path)

        print(path + ' 创建成功')

        return True

    else:

        # 如果目录存在则不创建，并提示目录已存在

        print(path + ' 目录已存在')

        return False

url = "https://www.kuaishou.com/graphql"   #目标网站url

keyword = input("请输入想要搜索的关键词")      #搜索关键字

mkpath = "d:\\pywork\\demo02\\"+keyword    #创建的文件路径

mkdir(mkpath)       #调用函数，创建文件夹

for page in range(1,5):     #爬取4页

    print("==================第%d页================="%page)   #打印爬取的页数

    data = {    #封装data数据

        'operationName': "visionSearchPhoto",

        'query': "fragment photoContent on PhotoEntity {\n  id\n  duration\n  caption\n  likeCount\n  viewCount\n  realLikeCount\n  coverUrl\n  photoUrl\n  photoH265Url\n  manifest\n  manifestH265\n  videoResource\n  coverUrls {\n    url\n    __typename\n  }\n  timestamp\n  expTag\n  animatedCoverUrl\n  distance\n  videoRatio\n  liked\n  stereoType\n  profileUserTopPhoto\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment feedContent on Feed {\n  type\n  author {\n    id\n    name\n    headerUrl\n    following\n    headerUrls {\n      url\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  photo {\n    ...photoContent\n    __typename\n  }\n  canAddComment\n  llsid\n  status\n  currentPcursor\n  __typename\n}\n\nquery visionSearchPhoto($keyword: String, $pcursor: String, $searchSessionId: String, $page: String, $webPageArea: String) {\n  visionSearchPhoto(keyword: $keyword, pcursor: $pcursor, searchSessionId: $searchSessionId, page: $page, webPageArea: $webPageArea) {\n    result\n    llsid\n    webPageArea\n    feeds {\n      ...feedContent\n      __typename\n    }\n    searchSessionId\n    pcursor\n    aladdinBanner {\n      imgUrl\n      link\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n}\n",

        'variables': {'keyword': keyword,'pcursor': str(page),'page':"search",'searchSessionId':"MTRfNTU2NDg2NDBfMTY1MTE0Njk1MTk5OV_mhaLmkYdfNjA0NQ"}

        }

    data = json.dumps(data)     #将字典数据data转换成需要的json

    headers = {     #伪装请求头，模拟浏览器访问

        'accept': "*/*",

        'Accept-Encoding' : "gzip,deflate,br",

        'Accept-Language': "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6",

        'Connection': "keep-alive",

        'Content-Length': "1279",

        'content-type': "application/json",

        'Cookie': "clientid=3; did=web_3a9d9e97c96c8d33eddd663ef9362703; client_key=65890b29; kpf=PC_WEB; kpn=KUAISHOU_VISION; userId=55648640; kuaishou.server.web_st=ChZrdWFpc2hvdS5zZXJ2ZXIud2ViLnN0EqABVSIs0T2ccYTa7qgMDgpAdRiErWNJyU1r87iKEYuIWEo_oJSNGq4aTBB5sq0bA7iLeCMOoX0grrEbBkpPmehOVWEs_tC-cDytf6dxSLnrE9-tRQaVcHziopazhh5rroA2XZmHEjHAe6z9-AHD0ZTxV9nJPHeI0-k0wfn9DHvDcj8ZUgQexbGwXDeH2wBV_WSuzutsd3d5oLNmN-90a33TXhoS6uws2LN-siMyPVYdMaXTUH7FIiBd27-7kiEEP6BHgx67BTXhdNPtfA88SZZL4Q_uQ09AuCgFMAE; kuaishou.server.web_ph=b0d04539ad2d77e13d866a70f9e56371c4a6",

        'Host' : "www.kuaishou.com",

        'Origin': "https://www.kuaishou.com",

        'Referer': "https://www.kuaishou.com/search/video?searchKey=%E6%85%A2%E6%91%87",

        'sec-ch-ua': '" Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="100", "Microsoft Edge";v="100"',

        'sec-ch-ua-mobile' : "?0",

        'sec-ch-ua-platform': '" "Windows" "',

        'Sec-Fetch-Dest': "empty",

        'Sec-Fetch-Mode':"cors",

        'Sec-Fetch-Site': "same-origin",

        "User-Agent": "Mozilla / 5.0(Linux;Android6.0;Nexus5 Build / MRA58N) AppleWebKit / 537.36(KHTML, likeGecko) Chrome / 99.0.4844.51Mobile Safari / 537.36"

    }

    response = requests.post(url=url,headers=headers,data=data)     #向目标网站发出请求

    json_data = response.json()    #转换json数据

    #print(json_data)

    feed_list = json_data['data']['visionSearchPhoto']['feeds']     #在标签中找出每一项的列表

    #print(feed_list)

    for feeds in feed_list:     #循环每一项

        title = feeds['photo']['caption']   #在网页中找出标题

        new_title = re.sub(r'[\/:*?"<>\n]','_',title)   #去除标题中的特殊字符

        photoUrl = feeds['photo']['photoUrl']       #找到视频的url地址

        mp4_data = requests.get(photoUrl).content   #转换视频二进制形式

        with open(keyword+'/'+ new_title +'.mp4',mode="wb") as f:   #设定保存数据路径

            f.write(mp4_data)   #保存数据

            print("保存成功！",new_title)

效果展示

总结

这次爬取的流程以及源代码是从bili的课程中学到的，大概用了3个小时左右，个人感觉第一次爬取动态网页还是找到数据是比较难的。通过这次实践我终于体会到了程序员的快乐(谁不喜欢看小姐姐呢)，嘿嘿嘿!

如果有问题可以私聊我，如果对你有帮助的话，记得个赞哦！

巴特西