搭建简单的CGI应用程序

原文来源于《核心编程3》第10章web编程

一、静态文件+脚本文件

1.首先开启cgiweb服务器

python2 -m CGIHTTPServer 8000

看到如下反应

2.服务器目录新建cgi-bin目录，html文件放入服务器目录，python cgi脚本放入刚刚建好的cgi-bin目录

3.看下html代码和python cgi脚本代码都是些什么内容

friends.htm

 <HTML><HEAD><TITLE>

 Friends CGI Demo (static screen)

 </TITLE></HEAD>

 <BODY><H3>Friends list for: <I>NEW USER</I></H3>

 <FORM ACTION="/cgi-bin/friendsA.py">

 <B>Enter your Name:</B>

 <INPUT TYPE=text NAME=person VALUE="NEW USER" SIZE=15>

 <P><B>How many friends do you have?</B>

 <INPUT TYPE=radio NAME=howmany VALUE="0" CHECKED> 0

 <INPUT TYPE=radio NAME=howmany VALUE="10"> 10

 <INPUT TYPE=radio NAME=howmany VALUE="25"> 25

 <INPUT TYPE=radio NAME=howmany VALUE="50"> 50

 <INPUT TYPE=radio NAME=howmany VALUE="100"> 100

 <P><INPUT TYPE=submit></FORM></BODY></HTML>

friends.htm

friendsA.py

 #!/usr/bin/env python

 import cgi

 reshtml = '''Content-Type: text/html\n

 <HTML><HEAD><TITLE>

 Friends CGI Demo (dynamic screen)

 </TITLE></HEAD>

 <BODY><H3>Friends list for: <I>%s</I></H3>

 Your name is: <B>%s</B><P>

 You have <B>%s</B> friends.

 </BODY></HTML>'''

 form = cgi.FieldStorage()

 who = form['person'].value

 howmany = form['howmany'].value

 print reshtml % (who, who, howmany)

friendsA.py

4.运行起来看看，浏览器输入

http://localhost:8000/friends.htm

结果可以看到

我们随意添加一个，点提交

可以看到正文部分变化了，同时地址内容也变化了，

再看下终端，也在有相应的显示。

二、单个脚本文件

　　1.服务器照常开启，脚本文件friendsB.py放在cgi-bin目录下

　　2.代码内容

#coding=utf-8

import cgi

header = 'Content-Type: text/html\n\n'  #需要先返回一个适当的http头文件，再返回结果页面

formhtml = '''<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>

Friends CGI Demo</TITLE></HEAD>

<BODY><H3>Friends list for: <I>NEW USER</I></H3>

<FORM ACTION="/cgi-bin/friendsB.py">

<B>Enter your Name:</B>

<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=action VALUE=edit>

<INPUT TYPE=text NAME=person VALUE="NEW USER" SIZE=15>

<P><B>How many friends do you have?</B>

%s

<P><INPUT TYPE=submit></FORM></BODY></HTML>'''

fradio = '<INPUT TYPE=radio NAME=howmany VALUE="%s" %s> %s\n'

def showForm():

    friends = []

    for i in (0, 10, 25, 50, 100):

        checked = ''

        if i == 0:

            checked = 'CHECKED'

        friends.append(fradio % (str(i), checked, str(i)))  #灵活输出，避免太多重复

    print '%s%s' % (header, formhtml % ''.join(friends))    #表单页面http头文件和内容都加进去了

reshtml = '''<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>

Friends CGI Demo</TITLE></HEAD>

<BODY><H3>Friends list for: <I>%s</I></H3>

Your name is: <B>%s</B><P>

You have <B>%s</B> friends.

</BODY></HTML>'''

def doResults(who, howmany):

    print header + reshtml % (who, who, howmany)    #结果页面也都加进去了

def process():

    form = cgi.FieldStorage()

    if 'person' in form:

        who = form['person'].value

    else:

        who = 'NEW USER'

    if 'howmany' in form:

        howmany = form['howmany'].value

    else:

        howmany = 0

    if 'action' in form:            #action变量用来判断选择哪个页面，表单页面、结果页面

        doResults(who, howmany)

    else:

        showForm()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    process()

friendsB.py

　　3.浏览器输入

http://localhost:8000/cgi-bin/friendsB.py

会看到一样的界面，提交后也是一样的

三、单个脚本文件，带有用户交互和错误处理

　　1.代码

#coding=utf-8

#!/usr/bin/env python

import cgi

from urllib import quote_plus

header = 'Content-Type: text/html\n\n'

url = '/cgi-bin/friendsC.py'

errhtml = '''<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>

Friends CGI Demo</TITLE></HEAD>

<BODY><H3>ERROR</H3>

<B>%s</B><P>

<FORM><INPUT TYPE=button VALUE=Back

ONCLICK="window.history.back()"></FORM>

</BODY></HTML>'''   #后退按钮

def showError(error_str):   #错误处理部分

    print header + errhtml % error_str

formhtml = '''<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>

Friends CGI Demo</TITLE></HEAD>

<BODY><H3>Friends list for: <I>%s</I></H3>

<FORM ACTION="%s">

<B>Enter your Name:</B>

<INPUT TYPE=hidden NAME=action VALUE=edit>

<INPUT TYPE=text NAME=person VALUE="%s" SIZE=15>

<P><B>How many friends do you have?</B>

%s

<P><INPUT TYPE=submit></FORM></BODY></HTML>'''

fradio = '<INPUT TYPE=radio NAME=howmany VALUE="%s" %s> %s\n'

def showForm(who, howmany):

    friends = []

    for i in (0, 10, 25, 50, 100):

        checked = ''

        if str(i) == howmany:   #多传一个参数，用来记录'历史数据'

            checked = 'CHECKED'

        friends.append(fradio % (str(i), checked, str(i)))

    print '%s%s' % (header, formhtml % (

        who, url, who, ''.join(friends)))

reshtml = '''<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>

Friends CGI Demo</TITLE></HEAD>

<BODY><H3>Friends list for: <I>%s</I></H3>

Your name is: <B>%s</B><P>

You have <B>%s</B> friends.

<P>Click <A HREF="%s">here</A> to edit your data again.

</BODY></HTML>'''

def doResults(who, howmany):

    newurl = url + '?action=reedit&person=%s&howmany=%s' % (

        quote_plus(who), howmany)               #表单记录包含

    print header + reshtml % (who, who, howmany, newurl)    #再次编辑回到表单界面

def process():

    error = ''

    form = cgi.FieldStorage()

    if 'person' in form:

        who = form['person'].value.title()

    else:

        who = 'NEW USER'

    if 'howmany' in form:   #根据howmany字段判定有没有选择人数，没有就算有错误，返回错误页面

        howmany = form['howmany'].value

    else:

        if 'action' in form and \

                form['action'].value == 'edit':

            error = 'Please select number of friends.'

        else:

            howmany = 0

    if not error:

        if 'action' in form and \

                form['action'].value != 'reedit':

            doResults(who, howmany)

        else:

            showForm(who, howmany)

    else:

        showError(error)

if __name__ == '__main__':

    process()

friendsC

　　2.用法和B一样，代码结构也差不多，看下使用效果

浏览器输入地址后

提交用户名，但是不提交数量

点back返回，选数量

点击here，里面是个引用

会回到提交表单的地方，保存了"历史记录"

至此一个简单的cgi应用程序完成了。

巴特西

搭建简单的CGI应用程序

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