python模块之xml.etree.ElementTree
2024-09-26 14:45:12
xml.etree.ElementTree用于解析和构建XML文件
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<data>
<country name="Liechtenstein">
<rank>1</rank>
<year>2008</year>
<gdppc>141100</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>
<neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>
</country>
<country name="Singapore">
<rank>4</rank>
<year>2011</year>
<gdppc>59900</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>
</country>
<country name="Panama">
<rank>68</rank>
<year>2011</year>
<gdppc>13600</gdppc>
<neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>
<neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>
</country>
</data>
解析XML文件
parse()函数，从xml文件返回ElementTree
from xml.etree.ElementTree import parse
tree = parse('demo.xml') //获取ElementTree
root = tree.getroot() // 获取根元素
Element.tag 、Element.attrib、Element.text
In [6]: root.tag
Out[6]: 'data' In [7]: root.attrib
Out[7]: {} In [25]: root.text
Out[25]: '\n '
for child in root 迭代获得子元素
In [8]: for child in root:
...: print(child.tag, child.attrib)
...:
country {'name': 'Liechtenstein'}
country {'name': 'Singapore'}
country {'name': 'Panama'}
Element.get() 获得属性值
In [27]: for child in root:
...: print (child.tag, child.get('name'))
...:
country Liechtenstein
country Singapore
country Panama
root.getchildren() 获得直接子元素
In [21]: root.getchildren()
Out[21]:
[<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581c728>,
<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581ca98>,
<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581cc28>]
root[0][1] 根据索引查找子元素
In [9]: root[0][1].text
Out[9]: '2008' In [10]: root[1][0].text
Out[10]: '4'
root.find() 根据tag查找直接子元素，返回查到的第一个元素
In [13]: root.find('country').attrib
Out[13]: {'name': 'Liechtenstein'}
root.findall() 根据tag查找直接子元素，返回查到的所有元素的列表
In [16]: for country in root.findall('country'):
...: print (country.attrib)
...:
{'name': 'Liechtenstein'}
{'name': 'Singapore'}
{'name': 'Panama'}
root.iterfind() 根据tag查找直接子元素，返回查到的所有元素的生成器
In [22]: root.iterfind('country')
Out[22]: <generator object prepare_child.<locals>.select at 0x7f6736dccfc0>
支持的XPath语句(XML Path)
In [19]: root.findall('.//rank') //查找任意层次元素
Out[19]:
[<Element 'rank' at 0x7f673581c8b8>,
<Element 'rank' at 0x7f673581c6d8>,
<Element 'rank' at 0x7f673581cc78>]
In [32]: root.findall('country/*') //查找孙子节点元素
Out[32]:
[<Element 'rank' at 0x7f673581c8b8>,
<Element 'year' at 0x7f673581cbd8>,
<Element 'gdppc' at 0x7f673581c958>,
<Element 'neighbor' at 0x7f673581c688>,
<Element 'neighbor' at 0x7f673581cb38>,
<Element 'rank' at 0x7f673581c6d8>,
<Element 'year' at 0x7f673581c5e8>,
<Element 'gdppc' at 0x7f673581c868>,
<Element 'neighbor' at 0x7f673581cb88>,
<Element 'rank' at 0x7f673581cc78>,
<Element 'year' at 0x7f673581ccc8>,
<Element 'gdppc' at 0x7f673581cd18>,
<Element 'neighbor' at 0x7f673581cd68>,
<Element 'neighbor' at 0x7f673581cdb8>]
In [33]: root.findall('.//rank/..') // ..表示父元素
Out[33]:
[<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581c728>,
<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581ca98>,
<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581cc28>]
In [34]: root.findall('country[@name]') // 包含name属性的country
Out[34]:
[<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581c728>,
<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581ca98>,
<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581cc28>]
In [35]: root.findall('country[@name="Singapore"]') // name属性为Singapore的country
Out[35]: [<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581ca98>]
In [36]: root.findall('country[rank]') // 孩子元素中包含rank的country
Out[36]:
[<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581c728>,
<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581ca98>,
<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581cc28>]
In [37]: root.findall('country[rank="68"]') // 孩子元素中包含rank且rank元素的text为68的country
Out[37]: [<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581cc28>]
In [38]: root.findall('country[1]') // 第一个country
Out[38]: [<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581c728>]
In [39]: root.findall('country[last()]') // 最后一个country
Out[39]: [<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581cc28>]
In [40]: root.findall('country[last()-1]') // 倒数第二个country
Out[40]: [<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581ca98>]
root.iter() 递归查询指定的或所有子元素
In [29]: root.iter()
Out[29]: <_elementtree._element_iterator at 0x7f67355dd728> In [30]: list(root.iter())
Out[30]:
[<Element 'data' at 0x7f673581c778>,
<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581c728>,
<Element 'rank' at 0x7f673581c8b8>,
<Element 'year' at 0x7f673581cbd8>,
<Element 'gdppc' at 0x7f673581c958>,
<Element 'neighbor' at 0x7f673581c688>,
<Element 'neighbor' at 0x7f673581cb38>,
<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581ca98>,
<Element 'rank' at 0x7f673581c6d8>,
<Element 'year' at 0x7f673581c5e8>,
<Element 'gdppc' at 0x7f673581c868>,
<Element 'neighbor' at 0x7f673581cb88>,
<Element 'country' at 0x7f673581cc28>,
<Element 'rank' at 0x7f673581cc78>,
<Element 'year' at 0x7f673581ccc8>,
<Element 'gdppc' at 0x7f673581cd18>,
<Element 'neighbor' at 0x7f673581cd68>,
<Element 'neighbor' at 0x7f673581cdb8>] In [31]: list(root.iter('rank'))
Out[31]:
[<Element 'rank' at 0x7f673581c8b8>,
<Element 'rank' at 0x7f673581c6d8>,
<Element 'rank' at 0x7f673581cc78>]
最新文章
- 完美解决window.navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition，在IOS10系统中无法定位问题
- iOS9 中的On-Demand Resources，编辑中。。。
- Oracle 索引创建、表分区
- iOS:界面适配(三)--iPhone不同机型适配 6/6plus 前
- 常用设备类别及其GUID
- RGB Bayer Color分析
- Win2003 Server磁盘配额揭密之补遗篇
- ASP.NET AJAX注册命名空间
- 关于Java中数组的常用操作方法
- 2018-2019-1 20189201 《LInux内核原理与分析》第九周作业
- Spring开始
- 快速为git添加一个用户
- 解决Kettle ETL数据乱码
- 学习windows编程 day6 之处理鼠标移动
- android测试点整理
- JDK常用命令（三）jmap
- Java compiler level does not match the version of the installed Java project facet.解决方法
- 写出gradle风格的groovy代码
- 解决 vboxdrv.sh: failed: Cannot change group vboxusers for device /dev/vboxdrv.
- hdu 1253