昨天一个朋友向我求助一个自定义水印控件绑定的问题,问题出在文本框中输入的文本,不能绑定到

相应的依赖属性上(自定义的依赖属性 PassText),他纠结了很久找不出问题所在。问题帮他解决后,这里稍

做总结。

朋友有问题的文本框代码下载

问题描述:

1)默认显示效果:

2)在“水印密码框”中输入四个 ‘a’:

3)单击按钮,打印出密码框中的字符串,但是密码框中的文字并没有显示,显示的还是定义依赖属性时

的默认值:

他的部分源代码:

1)密码框控件类继承自 TextBox ,其中依赖属性 PassText 为绑定到密码框的属性:

public class WaterPasswordBox : TextBox
{
public static readonly DependencyProperty PassTextProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(
"PassText", typeof( string ), typeof( WaterPasswordBox ), new PropertyMetadata( "空" ) ); public string PassText
{
get { return (string)GetValue( PassTextProperty ); }
set { SetValue( PassTextProperty, value ); }
} public static DependencyProperty WaterContentProprty = DependencyProperty.Register("WaterContent", typeof(object), typeof(WaterPasswordBox), new PropertyMetadata("水印密码框")); public object WaterContent
{
get
{
return GetValue(WaterContentProprty);
} set
{
SetValue(WaterContentProprty, value);
}
} public static DependencyProperty WaterForegroundProprty = DependencyProperty.Register("WaterForeground", typeof(Brush), typeof(WaterPasswordBox), new PropertyMetadata(new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Gray))); public Brush WaterForeground
{
get
{
return (Brush)GetValue(WaterForegroundProprty);
} set
{
SetValue(WaterForegroundProprty, value);
}
} public WaterPasswordBox()
{
DefaultStyleKey = typeof(WaterPasswordBox);
} ContentControl WaterContentElement = null;
PasswordBox PasswordBoxElement = null; public override void OnApplyTemplate()
{
base.OnApplyTemplate();
WaterContentElement = this.GetTemplateChild("WaterCoElement") as ContentControl;
PasswordBoxElement = this.GetTemplateChild("ContentElement") as PasswordBox;
if (WaterContentElement != null && PasswordBoxElement != null)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(PasswordBoxElement.Password))
WaterContentElement.Visibility = System.Windows.Visibility.Visible; else
WaterContentElement.Visibility = System.Windows.Visibility.Collapsed;
}
} protected override void OnGotFocus(RoutedEventArgs e)
{
if (WaterContentElement != null && string.IsNullOrEmpty(PasswordBoxElement.Password))
WaterContentElement.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;
base.OnGotFocus(e);
} // public event TextChangedEventHandler TextChanged += ;
protected override void OnLostFocus(RoutedEventArgs e)
{ if (WaterContentElement != null && string.IsNullOrEmpty(PasswordBoxElement.Password))
WaterContentElement.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
base.OnLostFocus(e);
}
}

2)在 Generic.xaml 文件中定义该控件的样式:

<ResourceDictionary
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WaterTextBox"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d"> <ControlTemplate x:Key="PhoneDisabledTextBoxTemplate" TargetType="TextBox">
<ContentControl x:Name="ContentElement" BorderThickness="" HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch" Margin="{StaticResource PhoneTextBoxInnerMargin}" Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch"/>
</ControlTemplate> <Style TargetType="local:WaterPasswordBox">
<Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="{StaticResource PhoneFontFamilyNormal}"/>
<Setter Property="FontSize" Value="{StaticResource PhoneFontSizeMediumLarge}"/>
<Setter Property="Background" Value="{StaticResource PhoneTextBoxBrush}"/>
<Setter Property="Foreground" Value="{StaticResource PhoneTextBoxForegroundBrush}"/>
<Setter Property="BorderBrush" Value="{StaticResource PhoneTextBoxBrush}"/>
<Setter Property="SelectionBackground" Value="{StaticResource PhoneAccentBrush}"/>
<Setter Property="SelectionForeground" Value="{StaticResource PhoneTextBoxSelectionForegroundBrush}"/>
<Setter Property="BorderThickness" Value="{StaticResource PhoneBorderThickness}"/>
<Setter Property="Padding" Value=""/> <Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="local:WaterPasswordBox">
<Grid Background="Transparent">
<VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="CommonStates">
<VisualState x:Name="Normal"/>
<VisualState x:Name="MouseOver"/>
<VisualState x:Name="Disabled">
<Storyboard>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Visibility" Storyboard.TargetName="EnabledBorder">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame.Value>
<Visibility>Collapsed</Visibility>
</DiscreteObjectKeyFrame.Value>
</DiscreteObjectKeyFrame>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Visibility" Storyboard.TargetName="DisabledOrReadonlyBorder">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame.Value>
<Visibility>Visible</Visibility>
</DiscreteObjectKeyFrame.Value>
</DiscreteObjectKeyFrame>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="ReadOnly">
<Storyboard>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Visibility" Storyboard.TargetName="EnabledBorder">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame.Value>
<Visibility>Collapsed</Visibility>
</DiscreteObjectKeyFrame.Value>
</DiscreteObjectKeyFrame>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Visibility" Storyboard.TargetName="DisabledOrReadonlyBorder">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame.Value>
<Visibility>Visible</Visibility>
</DiscreteObjectKeyFrame.Value>
</DiscreteObjectKeyFrame>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Background" Storyboard.TargetName="DisabledOrReadonlyBorder">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="" Value="{StaticResource PhoneTextBoxBrush}"/>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="BorderBrush" Storyboard.TargetName="DisabledOrReadonlyBorder">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="" Value="{StaticResource PhoneTextBoxBrush}"/>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Foreground" Storyboard.TargetName="DisabledOrReadonlyContent">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="" Value="{StaticResource PhoneTextBoxReadOnlyBrush}"/>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
</VisualStateGroup>
<VisualStateGroup x:Name="FocusStates">
<VisualState x:Name="Focused">
<Storyboard>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="Background" Storyboard.TargetName="EnabledBorder">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="" Value="{StaticResource PhoneTextBoxEditBackgroundBrush}"/>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
<ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames Storyboard.TargetProperty="BorderBrush" Storyboard.TargetName="EnabledBorder">
<DiscreteObjectKeyFrame KeyTime="" Value="{StaticResource PhoneTextBoxEditBorderBrush}"/>
</ObjectAnimationUsingKeyFrames>
</Storyboard>
</VisualState>
<VisualState x:Name="Unfocused"/>
</VisualStateGroup>
</VisualStateManager.VisualStateGroups>
<Border x:Name="EnabledBorder" BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" Margin="{StaticResource PhoneTouchTargetOverhang}">
<Grid>
<ContentControl x:Name="WaterCoElement" Content="{TemplateBinding WaterContent}" FontStyle="Normal" Foreground="{TemplateBinding WaterForeground}" Margin="{StaticResource PhoneTextBoxInnerMargin}" d:LayoutOverrides="Height" Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}" HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch"/>
<!--重点这里的 Password="{Binding PassText}"绑定不了-->
<PasswordBox x:Name="ContentElement" Password="{Binding PassText}" Background="{Binding Background}" BorderThickness="" HorizontalContentAlignment="Stretch" Margin="-12" Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}" VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch"/>
</Grid>
</Border>
<Border x:Name="DisabledOrReadonlyBorder" BorderBrush="{StaticResource PhoneDisabledBrush}" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" Background="Transparent" Margin="{StaticResource PhoneTouchTargetOverhang}" Visibility="Collapsed">
<TextBox x:Name="DisabledOrReadonlyContent" Background="Transparent" Foreground="{StaticResource PhoneDisabledBrush}" FontWeight="{TemplateBinding FontWeight}" FontStyle="{TemplateBinding FontStyle}" FontSize="{TemplateBinding FontSize}" FontFamily="{TemplateBinding FontFamily}" IsReadOnly="True" SelectionForeground="{TemplateBinding SelectionForeground}" SelectionBackground="{TemplateBinding SelectionBackground}" TextAlignment="{TemplateBinding TextAlignment}" TextWrapping="{TemplateBinding TextWrapping}" Text="{TemplateBinding Text}" Template="{StaticResource PhoneDisabledTextBoxTemplate}"/>
</Border>
</Grid>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style> </ResourceDictionary>

3)在引用该控件的页面中,添加该控件:

<Border BorderBrush="Blue" BorderThickness="5" Margin="0,10">
<StackPanel>
<TextBlock FontSize="30" Text="水印密码框" Margin="12,0"/>
<my:WaterPasswordBox Name="WaterPasswordBox" />
</StackPanel>
</Border> <Button BorderBrush="Blue" Tap="UIElement_OnTap" BorderThickness="5" Margin="0,10" Height="100">
点击查看断点测试
</Button>

4)按钮的 Tap 路由事件:

private void UIElement_OnTap(object sender, GestureEventArgs e)
{
string temp = WaterPasswordBox.PassText.ToString(); MessageBox.Show(temp);
}

之所以在密码框中输入的文本没有最终传递到 PassText 这个依赖属性上,是因为 TemplateBinding

为 Binding 的单向绑定形式,也就是 依赖属性 PassText 的默认值 “空” 可以绑定到 样式控件里面的

PasswordBox 控件的 Password 属性上,但是 不能反向绑定。

截图:

其中 msdn 对 TemplateBinding的描述:

“您在模板中使用 TemplateBinding 绑定到模板所应用到的控件的值。

TemplateBinding   比 Binding 有效,但较少功能。  使用 TemplateBinding 使用与 RelativeSource 属性的 Binding 等效设置为

RelativeSource.TemplatedParent。  ”

“TemplateBinding是Binding的一个轻量级版本,它失去了成熟版本Binding的很多功能,比如继承内容引用(inheritence context referencing),

RelativeSource引用,还有通过IValueConverter/TypeConverter机制的动态类型转换。它仅支持由模板产生的FrameworkElements,它的数据源引

用会指向模板中的父级元素。TemplateBinding最主要的用途是内置在模板中绑定模板化元素的属性,在这种情况下,比起成熟Binding效率要高得多。”

也就是:

<PasswordBox  Password="{TemplateBinding PassText}"/>

等价于:

<PasswordBox  Password="{Binding Path=PassText, Mode=OneWay, RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent}}"/>

这时,把自定义密码框样式中的 PasswordBox 控件的绑定中,把 Binding 的设置 Mode=OneWay 改成 Mode=TwoWay,就可以实现双向绑定了,

截图:

此时虽然完成了双向绑定,但是遇到另一个问题,如果在自定义密码框中输入文本后,立即点击按钮时,弹出框

中显示的还是自定义密码框中之前绑定属性值;如果在填写完成自定义密码框后,单击屏幕其它地方,让密码框

失去焦点,然后再单击按钮,就能显示正确的内容了。

造成这个问题的原因,是因为 这里注册的是按钮的 Tap 这个路由事件,而它的执行时间要早于文本框 LostFocus

事件。这里再为按钮添加一个 Click 事件,为 自定义密码框控件添加一个 LostFocus 事件,同是在 C# 页面打印出

按钮的执行信息:

XAML:

<my:WaterPasswordBox  Name="WaterPasswordBox" LostFocus="WaterPasswordBox_LostFocus"/>

 <Button BorderBrush="Blue" Tap="UIElement_OnTap" BorderThickness="5" Margin="0,10" Height="100" Click="Button_Click">
点击查看断点测试
</Button>

C# :

 private void UIElement_OnTap(object sender, GestureEventArgs e)
{
Debug.WriteLine("UIElement_OnTap"); //WaterPasswordBox.PassText = "asd";
//string temp = WaterPasswordBox.PassText.ToString(); //MessageBox.Show(temp);
} private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Debug.WriteLine("Button_Click"); string temp = WaterPasswordBox.PassText.ToString(); MessageBox.Show(temp);
} private void WaterPasswordBox_LostFocus(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
Debug.WriteLine("WaterPasswordBox_LostFocus");
}

在 Debug 输出窗口中输出:

UIElement_OnTap
WaterPasswordBox_LostFocus
Button_Click

可以看出,Tap 路由事件的触发要早于 LostFocus 事件,最后触发 Click 事件。

此时再在 文本框中输入4个 ‘a’ ,从按钮的 Click 事件中把密码框中的文本打印出来:

虽然实现了双向绑定,但是从 PasswordBox 的 Password 属性值反向同步并不是及时的,参考了一下

下面的其它属性,暂时还没有找到在 TextChanged 事件里就能触发的 update source 的设置:

由于时间的关系,有时间再去查相应文档。如果有朋友不幸阅读了本文,并且知道原因,希望能指点一下。

修改后的工程代码下载

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