3.15-3.21 hive项目实战
2024-10-20 03:26:49
一、创建表并导入日志数据，引出问题
##建表
hive (default)> create table IF NOT EXISTS default.bf_log_src(
> remote_addr string,
> remote_user string,
> time_local string,
> request string,
> status string,
> body_bytes_sent string,
> request_body string,
> http_referer string,
> http_user_agent string,
> http_x_forwarded_for string,
> host string
> )
> ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ' '
> stored as textfile;
OK
Time taken: 0.037 seconds ##加载数据
hive (default)> load data local inpath '/opt/datas/moodle.ibeifeng.access.log' into table default.bf_log_src ; ##select
hive (default)> select * from bf_log_src limit 5 ; ##出现了一个问题，原文件有11列数据，但是此时查出来只有8列
二、使用RegexSerDe处理Apache或者Ngnix日志文件
正则测试网站：http://tool.chinaz.com/regex/
#删除原先的表，并重新创建
hive (default)> drop table IF EXISTS default.bf_log_src; hive (default)> create table IF NOT EXISTS default.bf_log_src(
> remote_addr string,
> remote_user string,
> time_local string,
> request string,
> status string,
> body_bytes_sent string,
> request_body string,
> http_referer string,
> http_user_agent string,
> http_x_forwarded_for string,
> host string
> )
> ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.RegexSerDe'
> WITH SERDEPROPERTIES (
> "input.regex" = "(\"[^ ]*\") (\"-|[^ ]*\") (\"[^\]]*\") (\"[^\"]*\") (\"[0-9]*\") (\"[0-9]*\") (-|[^ ]*) (\"[^ ]*\") (\"[^\"]*\") (-|[^ ]*) (\"[^ ]*\")"
> )
> STORED AS TEXTFILE;
OK
Time taken: 0.056 seconds #加载数据
hive (default)> load data local inpath '/opt/datas/moodle.ibeifeng.access.log' into table default.bf_log_src ; #查询
hive (default)> select * from bf_log_src limit 5 ; #此时查询出来的数据字段数量就和原文件一样了；
#此时就有了原表，下面就可以根据原表处理数据了；
三、依据原表创建子表及设置orcfile存储和snappy压缩数据
此时假如我们需要对原表中的部分字段进行分析：IP、访问时间、请求地址、转入连接
需要建立一个字表，将需要的字段查询出来，插到子表中；
#建表
hive (default)> drop table if exists default.bf_log_comm ;
OK
Time taken: 0.011 seconds hive (default)> create table IF NOT EXISTS default.bf_log_comm (
> remote_addr string,
> time_local string,
> request string,
> http_referer string
> )
> ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
> STORED AS orc tblproperties ("orc.compress"="SNAPPY");
OK
Time taken: 0.034 seconds #插入数据
hive (default)> insert into table default.bf_log_comm select remote_addr, time_local, request, http_referer from default.bf_log_src ; ##查询
hive (default)> select * from bf_log_comm limit 5 ;
#此时我们需要的字段已经被插到了字表中
四、数据清洗之自定义UDF去除数据双引号
源码：
package com.beifeng.senior.hive.udf; import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.UDF;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; /**
* 1. Implement one or more methods named
* "evaluate" which will be called by Hive.
*
* 2."evaluate" should never be a void method. However it can return "null" if
* needed.
* @author root
*
*/ public class RemoveQuotesUDF extends UDF{ public Text evaluate(Text str) {
//validate
if(null == str) {
return null;
} if(null == str.toString()) {
return null;
}
//remove
return new Text (str.toString().replaceAll("\"", "")) ;
} public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(new RemoveQuotesUDF().evaluate(new Text("\"31/Aug/2015:23:57:46 +0800\"")));
}
}
添加为function：
hive (default)> add jar /opt/datas/jars/hiveudf2.jar ;
Added /opt/datas/jars/hiveudf2.jar to class path
Added resource: /opt/datas/jars/hiveudf2.jar hive (default)> create temporary function my_removequotes as "com.beifeng.senior.hive.udf.RemoveQuotesUDF" ;
OK
Time taken: 0.013 seconds
重新插入：
##插入
hive (default)> insert overwrite table default.bf_log_comm select my_removequotes(remote_addr), my_removequotes(time_local),
> my_removequotes(request), my_removequotes(http_referer) from default.bf_log_src ; ##查询，引号已经去掉了
hive (default)> select * from bf_log_comm limit 5 ;
五、自定义UDF转换日期时间数据
源码：
package com.beifeng.senior.hive.udf; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Locale; import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.UDF;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; /**
* 1. Implement one or more methods named
* "evaluate" which will be called by Hive.
*
* 2."evaluate" should never be a void method. However it can return "null" if
* needed.
* @author root
*
*/ public class DateTransformUDF extends UDF{ private final SimpleDateFormat inputFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss", Locale.ENGLISH); private final SimpleDateFormat outputFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
/**
* 31/Aug/2015:00:04:37 +0800
*
* 20150831000437
*
* @param str
* @return
*/ public Text evaluate(Text input) {
Text output = new Text(); //validate
if(null == input) {
return null;
} if(null == input.toString()) {
return null;
} String inputDate = input.toString().trim();
if(null == inputDate) {
return null;
} try {
//parse
Date parseDate = inputFormat.parse(inputDate); //tranform
String outputDate = outputFormat.format(parseDate); //set
output.set(outputDate); } catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} //lower
return output;
} public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(new DateTransformUDF().evaluate(new Text("31/Aug/2015:00:04:37 +0800")));
}
}
添加function：
hive (default)> add jar /opt/datas/jars/hiveudf3.jar ;
Added /opt/datas/jars/hiveudf3.jar to class path
Added resource: /opt/datas/jars/hiveudf3.jar hive (default)> create temporary function my_datetransform as "com.beifeng.senior.hive.udf.DateTransformUDF" ;
OK
Time taken: 0.013 seconds
重新插入：
##插入
hive (default)> insert overwrite table default.bf_log_comm select my_removequotes(remote_addr), my_datetransform(my_removequotes(time_local)),
> my_removequotes(request), my_removequotes(http_referer) from default.bf_log_src ; ##查询，时间已经格式化
hive (default)> select * from bf_log_comm limit 5 ;
六、MovieLens数据分析采用python脚本进行数据清洗和统计
1、准备
下载数据样本：wget http://files.grouplens.org/datasets/movielens/ml-100k.zip 解压：unzip ml-100k.zip [root@hadoop-senior datas]# cd ml-100k [root@hadoop-senior ml-100k]# ls
allbut.pl README u1.test u2.test u3.test u4.test u5.test ua.test ub.test u.genre u.item u.user
mku.sh u1.base u2.base u3.base u4.base u5.base ua.base ub.base u.data u.info u.occupation [root@hadoop-senior ml-100k]# head u.data
userid moveid rate time
196 242 3 881250949
186 302 3 891717742
22 377 1 878887116
244 51 2 880606923
166 346 1 886397596
298 474 4 884182806
115 265 2 881171488
253 465 5 891628467
305 451 3 886324817
6 86 3 883603013
2、准备原表
##建表
hive (default)> CREATE TABLE u_data (
> userid INT,
> movieid INT,
> rating INT,
> unixtime STRING)
> ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'
> STORED AS TEXTFILE;
OK
Time taken: 0.073 seconds ##导入数据
hive (default)> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH '/opt/datas/ml-100k/u.data' OVERWRITE INTO TABLE u_data;
3、用python脚本处理数据
##vim weekday_mapper.py
import sys
import datetime for line in sys.stdin:
line = line.strip()
userid, movieid, rating, unixtime = line.split('\t')
weekday = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(float(unixtime)).isoweekday()
print '\t'.join([userid, movieid, rating, str(weekday)]) ##创建新表
hive (default)> CREATE TABLE u_data_new (
> userid INT,
> movieid INT,
> rating INT,
> weekday INT)
> ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t';
OK
Time taken: 0.027 seconds ##添加脚本
hive (default)> add FILE /opt/datas/ml-100k/weekday_mapper.py;
Added resource: /opt/datas/ml-100k/weekday_mapper.py ##插入数据
hive (default)> INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE u_data_new
> SELECT
> TRANSFORM (userid, movieid, rating, unixtime) #input from source table，要处理的数据来源于原表
> USING 'python weekday_mapper.py' #用的python脚本
> AS (userid, movieid, rating, weekday) #python脚本处理后的输出数据
> FROM u_data; ##select
hive (default)> SELECT weekday, COUNT(*) FROM u_data_new GROUP BY weekday;
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