1.2python基础_数字类型_数字(Number)类型
2024-09-04 07:37:52
一、整型（int型、整数）
整型 等价于C中的有符号长整型（long）
与系统的最大整型一致（如32位机器上的整型是32位，64位机器上的整型是64位），
可以表示的整数范围在[-sys.maxint-1, sys.maxint]之间。整型字面值的表示方法有3种：
十进制（常用）、八进制（以数字“0”开头）和十六进制（以“0x”或“0X”开头）。
整型的标准库操作有如下
class int(object):
"""
int(x，底=10)->整数将一个数字或字符串转换成整数，
如果没有给出参数，则转换为orreturn0if。如果x是一个数字，
则返回x. int_()。对于浮点数，它会向零截断如果x不是一个数字，
或者给定了基数，那么x必须是一个字符串、字节或hutearray实例，
表示给定基数中的整数字面值。文字的前面可以加“或”。然后被空白包围。
基数默认为10。有效的基数是0和2-36。Base 0表示将字符串的Base解释为整数文字。
int (“0 b100' = 0)基地 """ def bit_length(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__ """ 返回表示该数字的时占用的最少位数 >>> bin(37)#bin()是返回二进制后面有
'0b100101'
>>> (37).bit_length()
6
"""
pass def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" 返回该复数的共轭复数"""
"""
a=123-12j #复数没有实部时要补0.0
返回该复数的共轭复数
b=a.conjugate()
print(b)
#返回复数的实数部分
a.real
#返回复数的虚数部分
a.imag """
pass @classmethod # known case
def from_bytes(cls, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""
功能：res = int.from_bytes(x)的含义是把bytes类型的变量x，
转化为十进制整数，并存入res中。
其中bytes类型是python3特有的类型。 函数参数：int.from_bytes(bytes, byteorder, *, signed=False)。
在IDLE或者命令行界面中使用help(int.from_bytes)命令可以查看具体介绍。
bytes是输入的变量；byteorder主要有两种：
'big'和'little'；signed=True表示需要考虑符号位
举例说明：int_s = int.from_bytes(s, byteorder='little', signed=True)，
其中s='\xf1\xff'，则输出int_s=-15。分析一下过程，
'\x'表示十六进制数，先把'f1'写成二进制数：1111 0001，
'ff'同上：1111 1111.由于s的高低位标志是'little'，
即'f1'是低位，'ff'是高位，所以正确的顺序应该是'fff1'，
即11111111 1111 0001.又因为要考虑符号位，第一位是1，所以s是负数，
要进行取反加一才是正确的十进制数（第一位符号位的1不变），
可以得到10000000 00001111，写成十进制，就是-15，也就是int_s的结果。
上面的例子中，如果signed=False，则无符号位；若byteorder='big'，
则输入s的左边是高位，右边是低位。
>>> s1 = b'\xf1\xff'
>>> print(int.from_bytes(s1, byteorder='little', signed=True))
-15
>>> print(int.from_bytes(s1, byteorder='big', signed=False))
61951
>>> s2 = b'\xff\xf1'
>>> print(int.from_bytes(s2, byteorder='little', signed=False))
61951
"""
pass def to_bytes(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""
参照上面from_bytes(cls, *args, **kwargs):
这是上面的逆运算
"""
pass def __abs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""返回绝对值"""
""" x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """
""" abs(self) """
"""
a=-100
b=abs(a)
c=a.__abs__()
print(b)
print(c)
"""
pass def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" 加法，也可区分数字和字符串""" """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
"""
a=10
b=20
c=a.__add__(b)
d=a+b
print(c)
print(d)
"""
pass def __and__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self&value. """
""" x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """
"""
& 按位与运算符：参与运算的两个值,
如果两个相应位都为1,则该位的结果为1,
否则为0(其他情况都为0)
"""
"""
a=1
b=1
c=a.__and__(b)
d=a&b
print(c)
print(d)
"""
pass def __bool__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" self != 0 """
"""等于0返回False 其他返回True """
"""
False
True
True
"""
pass def __ceil__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Ceiling of an Integral returns itself. """
pass def __divmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return divmod(self, value). """
""" 返回一个元组，第一个元素为商，第二个元素为余数"""
"""
a=14
b=3
c=(a).__divmod__(b)
print(c)
"""
pass def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self==value. """
""" 判断两个值是否相等"""
"""
a=14
b=3
c=(a).__eq__(b)
d=(a).__eq__(14)
print(c)
print(d)
"""
pass def __float__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" float(self) """
"""转换成floa型，将一个整数转换成浮点型"""
""" x.__float__() <==> float(x) """
"""
a=100
b=(a).__float__()
print(b)
"""
pass def __floordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self//value. """
"""整除，保留结果的整数部分"""
"""a//b"""
"""
a=100
b=a.__floordiv__(27)
c=a//27
print(b)
print(c)
"""
pass def __floor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Flooring an Integral returns itself. """
"""返回本身"""
"""
a=100
b=a.__floor__()
print(b)
"""
pass def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""转换对象的类型"""
"""
a=100
b=a.__format__('f')
c=a.__format__("0x")
d=a.__format__("b")
print(b)
print(c)
print(d)
"""
pass def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return getattr(self, name). """
""""""
pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>=value. """
pass def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>value. """
pass def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return hash(self). """
pass def __index__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list. """
pass def __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__
"""
int([x]) -> integer
int(x, base=10) -> integer Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
are given. If x is a number, return x.__int__(). For floating point
numbers, this truncates towards zero. If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,
bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the
given base. The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded
by whitespace. The base defaults to 10. Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.
Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
>>> int('0b100', base=0)
4
# (copied from class doc)
"""
pass def __int__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" int(self) """
pass def __invert__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" ~self """
pass def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<=value. """
pass def __lshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<<value. """
pass def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self<value. """
pass def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self%value. """
pass def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self*value. """
pass def __neg__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" -self """
pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__
def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
pass def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self!=value. """
pass def __or__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self|value. """
pass def __pos__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" +self """
pass def __pow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return pow(self, value, mod). """
pass def __radd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value+self. """
pass def __rand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value&self. """
pass def __rdivmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return divmod(value, self). """
pass def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return repr(self). """
pass def __rfloordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value//self. """
pass def __rlshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value<<self. """
pass def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value%self. """
pass def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value*self. """
pass def __ror__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value|self. """
pass def __round__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
"""
Rounding an Integral returns itself.
Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer.
"""
pass def __rpow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return pow(value, self, mod). """
pass def __rrshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value>>self. """
pass def __rshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self>>value. """
pass def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value-self. """
pass def __rtruediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value/self. """
pass def __rxor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return value^self. """
pass def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Returns size in memory, in bytes. """
pass def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return str(self). """
pass def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self-value. """
pass def __truediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self/value. """
pass def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Truncating an Integral returns itself. """
pass def __xor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
""" Return self^value. """
pass denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
"""the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms""" imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
"""the imaginary part of a complex number""" numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
"""the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms""" real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
"""the real part of a complex number"""
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