HttpClient4.5X使用-集成微服务

1.什么是HttpClient

HTTP 协议可能是现在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议了，越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。虽然在 JDK 的 java net包中已经提供了访问 HTTP 协议的基本功能，但是对于大部分应用程序来说，JDK 库本身提供的功能还不够丰富和灵活。HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目，用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient 已经应用在很多的项目中，比如 Apache Jakarta 上很著名的另外两个开源项目 Cactus 和 HTMLUnit 都使用了 HttpClient。现在HttpClient最新版本为 HttpClient 4.5 .6（官网）

实际应用中我们通常使用在复杂soap协议类型的调用。Springboot一般推荐有RestTemplate 。

2. 整合 HttpClient

1.配置类，主要配置httpClient 连接池的信息

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = HttpClientProperties.PREFIX)

public class HttpClientProperties {

    public static final String PREFIX = "http.config";

    //默认连接池最大连接数

    private Integer httpMaxTotal = 300;

    //默认整个连接池默认最大连接数

    private Integer httpDefaultMaxPerRoute = 100;

    //设置请求超时 默认30s

    private Integer httpConnectTimeout = 30 * 1000;

    //设置请求响应超时时间  默认5min

    private Integer getHttpReadTimeout = 5 * 60 * 1000;

    //设置从连接池获取中获取到连接最长时间

    private Integer httpConnectionRequestTimeout = 500;

    //设置数据传输的最长时间

    private Integer httpSocketTimeout = 5 * 60 * 1000;

    //设置默认请求类型http 、https

    private String hostType ="http";

    public Integer getHttpMaxTotal() {

        return httpMaxTotal;

    }

    public void setHttpMaxTotal(Integer httpMaxTotal) {

        this.httpMaxTotal = httpMaxTotal;

    }

    public Integer getHttpDefaultMaxPerRoute() {

        return httpDefaultMaxPerRoute;

    }

    public void setHttpDefaultMaxPerRoute(Integer httpDefaultMaxPerRoute) {

        this.httpDefaultMaxPerRoute = httpDefaultMaxPerRoute;

    }

    public Integer getHttpConnectTimeout() {

        return httpConnectTimeout;

    }

    public void setHttpConnectTimeout(Integer httpConnectTimeout) {

        this.httpConnectTimeout = httpConnectTimeout;

    }

    public Integer getGetHttpReadTimeout() {

        return getHttpReadTimeout;

    }

    public void setGetHttpReadTimeout(Integer getHttpReadTimeout) {

        this.getHttpReadTimeout = getHttpReadTimeout;

    }

    public Integer getHttpConnectionRequestTimeout() {

        return httpConnectionRequestTimeout;

    }

    public void setHttpConnectionRequestTimeout(Integer httpConnectionRequestTimeout) {

        this.httpConnectionRequestTimeout = httpConnectionRequestTimeout;

    }

    public Integer getHttpSocketTimeout() {

        return httpSocketTimeout;

    }

    public void setHttpSocketTimeout(Integer httpSocketTimeout) {

        this.httpSocketTimeout = httpSocketTimeout;

    }

    public String getHostType() {

        return hostType;

    }

    public void setHostType(String hostType) {

        this.hostType = hostType;

    }

}

　　 2.初始化连接池信息

@Configuration

@ConditionalOnClass(HttpClientConfig.class)

@EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpClientProperties.class)

public class HttpClientConfig {

    @Autowired

    HttpClientProperties httpClientProperties;

    @Autowired

    private PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager manager;

    @Bean

    public PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager() {

        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();

        // 最大连接数

        poolingHttpClientConnectionManager.setMaxTotal(httpClientProperties.getHttpMaxTotal());

        // 每个主机的最大并发数

        poolingHttpClientConnectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(httpClientProperties.getHttpDefaultMaxPerRoute());

        return poolingHttpClientConnectionManager;

    }

    @Bean

    public IdleConnectionEvictor idleConnectionEvictor(PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager ) {

        // 定期清理无效连接

        return new IdleConnectionEvictor(poolingHttpClientConnectionManager, 1L, TimeUnit.HOURS);

    }

    @Bean

    public RequestConfig requestConfig() {

        // 请求配置

        // 创建连接的最长时间

        return RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(httpClientProperties.getHttpConnectTimeout())

                // 从连接池中获取到连接的最长时间

                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(httpClientProperties.getHttpConnectTimeout())

                // 数据传输的最长时间

                .setSocketTimeout(httpClientProperties.getHttpSocketTimeout())

                .build();

    }

    /**

     * 通过httpClients直接获取

     * @param requestConfig 配置信息

     * @return

     */

    @Bean

    @Scope("prototype") //此处是多例模式，因为考虑连接池使用都会手动关闭，同时单例会存在未知问题

    public CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient(RequestConfig requestConfig) {

        return HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(this.manager).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();

    }

    /**

     * 通过HttpClientBuilder 间接获取

     * @param requestConfig 配置信息

     * @return

     */

    @Bean

    public HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder(PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager, RequestConfig requestConfig){

        return HttpClientBuilder.create().setConnectionManager(poolingHttpClientConnectionManager).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig);

    }

}

3.httpclientUtil

@Component

public class HttpClientUtil {

    @Autowired

    private CloseableHttpClient httpClient;

    /**

     * get请求用于普通接口调用

     *

     * @param url     请求地址

     * @param headers 请求头

     * @param params  参数

     * @return

     * @throws Exception

     */

    public String doGet(String url,

                        Map<String, String> headers,

                        Map<String, String> params) {

//        //创建一个默认可关闭的httpclient对象

        //     CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        //定义httpResponse 对象

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        //反馈信息

        String resultMsg = null;

        try {

            //设置请求地址

            URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);

            //拼接地址

            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(params)) {

                params.forEach((k, v) -> {

                    builder.addParameter(k, v);

                });

            }

            //设置请求头

            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(builder.build());

            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers)) {

                headers.entrySet().stream().map(e -> {

                    httpGet.addHeader(e.getKey(), e.getValue());

                    return httpGet;

                });

            }

            // 执行请求

            response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

            // 判断返回状态为200则给返回值赋值

            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {

                //构造反馈

                resultMsg = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");

            }

        } catch (Exception e) {

            //构造反馈SRM

            e.printStackTrace();

        } finally {

            //连接池关闭

            httpClientCloseResponse(httpClient, response);

        }

        return resultMsg;

    }

    /**

     * 无请求体post请求 post form

     *

     * @param url     请求地址

     * @param headers 请求头

     * @param params  参数

     * @return

     * @throws Exception

     */

    public String doPost(String url,

                         Map<String, String> headers,

                         Map<String, String> params) {

        //创建一个默认可关闭的httpclient对象

        //      CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        //定义httpResponse 对象

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        //反馈信息

        String resultMsg = null;

        try {

            //设置请求地址

            URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);

            //拼接地址

            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(params)) {

                params.forEach((k, v) -> {

                    builder.addParameter(k, v);

                });

            }

            //设置请求头

            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(builder.build());

            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers)) {

                headers.forEach((k, v) -> {

                    httpPost.addHeader(k, v);

                });

            }

            // 执行请求

            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

            // 判断返回状态为200则给返回值赋值

            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {

                //构造反馈

                resultMsg = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");

            }

        } catch (Exception e) {

            //构造反馈SRM

            e.printStackTrace();

        } finally {

            //连接池关闭

            httpClientCloseResponse(httpClient, response);

        }

        return resultMsg;

    }

    /**

     * 请求体post请求 post

     *

     * @param url     请求地址

     * @param headers 请求头

     * @param params  参数信息

     * @param body    请求体

     * @return 反馈结果

     * @throws Exception

     */

    public String doPost(String url,

                         Map<String, String> headers,

                         Map<String, String> params,

                         String body) {

        //创建一个默认可关闭的httpclient对象

        //   CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        //定义httpResponse 对象

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        //反馈信息

        String resultMsg = null;

        try {

            //设置请求地址

            URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);

            //拼接地址

            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(params)) {

                List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = params.entrySet().stream().map(entry -> new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())).collect(Collectors.toList());

                builder.setParameters(nameValuePairs);

            }

            //设置请求头

            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(builder.build());

            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headers)) {

                headers.forEach((k, v) -> {

                    httpPost.addHeader(k, v);

                });

            }

            //设置请求体

            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(body)) {

                httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(body, "utf-8"));

            }

            // 执行请求

            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

            // 判断返回状态为200则给返回值赋值

            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {

                //构造反馈

                resultMsg = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");

            }

        } catch (Exception e) {

            //构造反馈SRM

            e.printStackTrace();

        } finally {

            //连接池关闭

            httpClientCloseResponse(httpClient, response);

        }

        return resultMsg;

    }

    /**

     * 构建请求的 url

     *

     * @param uri

     * @param querys

     * @return

     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException

     */

    private String buildUrl(String uri, Map<String, String> querys) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {

        StringBuilder sbUrl = new StringBuilder();

        sbUrl.append(uri);

        if (null != querys) {

            StringBuilder sbQuery = new StringBuilder();

            for (Map.Entry<String, String> query : querys.entrySet()) {

                if (0 < sbQuery.length()) {

                    sbQuery.append("&");

                }

                if (StringUtils.isBlank(query.getKey()) && !StringUtils.isBlank(query.getValue())) {

                    sbQuery.append(query.getValue());

                }

                if (!StringUtils.isBlank(query.getKey())) {

                    sbQuery.append(query.getKey());

                    if (!StringUtils.isBlank(query.getValue())) {

                        sbQuery.append("=");

                        sbQuery.append(URLEncoder.encode(query.getValue(), "utf-8"));

                    }

                }

            }

            if (0 < sbQuery.length()) {

                sbUrl.append("?").append(sbQuery);

            }

        }

        return sbUrl.toString();

    }

    /**

     * 将结果转换成JSONObject

     *

     * @param httpResponse

     * @return

     * @throws IOException

     */

    public JSONObject getJson(HttpResponse httpResponse) throws IOException {

        HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();

        String resp = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");

        EntityUtils.consume(entity);

        return JSON.parseObject(resp);

    }

    /**

     * 关闭连接池反馈

     *

     * @param httpResponse

     */

    public void httpClientCloseResponse(CloseableHttpClient httpClient, CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse) {

        try {

            if (httpResponse != null) {

                httpResponse.close();

            }

            httpClient.close();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

}

　　3.为什么使用HttpClient并且使用连接池

日常调用时候我们经常碰见这样的问题：

Exception in thread "main" javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target

	at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(Unknown Source)

	at sun.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsClient.afterConnect(Unknown Source)

	at sun.net.www.protocol.https.AbstractDelegateHttpsURLConnection.connect(Unknown Source)

	at sun.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsURLConnectionImpl.connect(Unknown Source)

	at com.hx.net.Test3.main(Test3.java:21)

Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target

	at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.engineValidate(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.validator.Validator.validate(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.validate(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkTrusted(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(Unknown Source)

	... 12 more

Caused by: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target

	at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.build(Unknown Source)

	at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.engineBuild(Unknown Source)

	at java.security.cert.CertPathBuilder.build(Unknown Source)

	... 18 more

　　证书认证问题SSL，网上处理方式参差不齐。因此通过查看PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager实例化源码我们发现

 private static Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> getDefaultRegistry() {

        return RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()

                .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())

                .register("https", SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())

                .build();

    }

    public PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager() {

        this(getDefaultRegistry());

    }

　　httpclient 连接池已经对ssl证书初始化注册是有非常良好的集成。

巴特西

HttpClient4.5X使用-集成微服务

HttpClient4.5X使用-集成微服务

1.什么是HttpClient

2. 整合 HttpClient

3.为什么使用HttpClient并且使用连接池

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