Rabbit MQ的几种模式
RabbitMQ是实现了高级消息队列协议(AMQP)的开源消息代理软件(亦称面向消息的中间件)。
官网文档:https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html
Rabbit MQ有几种工作方式:
简单模式:一个生产者,一个消费者
work模式:一个生产者,多个消费者,每个消费者获取到的消息唯一,平均消费。
订阅模式:一个生产者发送的消息会被多个消费者获取。
路由模式:发送消息到交换机并且要指定路由key ,消费者将队列绑定到交换机时需要指定路由key
topic模式:将路由键和某模式进行匹配,此时队列需要绑定在一个模式上,“#”匹配一个词或多个词,“*”只匹配一个词。
rpc模式:客户端向一个队列中发送消息,并注册一个回调的队列用于接收服务端返回的消息,该消息需要声明一个叫做correaltionId的属性,
该属性将是该次请求的唯一标识。服务端在接受到消息(在需要时可以验证correaltionId)后,处理消息,并将消息发送到客户端注册的回调队列中。
1、简单模式
配置: public final static String SIMPLE_QUEUE = "simpleQueue";
@Bean
public Queue simpleQueue() {
return new Queue(SIMPLE_QUEUE, true);
} 生产者: rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.SIMPLE_QUEUE, msg); 消费者:
@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.SIMPLE_QUEUE)
public void simpleListen(String msg) {
System.out.println("simple队列 接收到消息:" + msg);
}
2、work模式
一个生产者,多个消费者,每个消费者获取到的消息唯一。一条消息只能被其中一个消费掉,相互争夺资源。
配置: public final static String WORK_QUEUE = "workQueue";
@Bean
public Queue workQueue() {
return new Queue(WORK_QUEUE, true);
} 生产者: public void sendWorkQueueMq(String msg) {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.WORK_QUEUE, msg);
logger.info("发送消息:{}", msg);
} 消费者: @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.WORK_QUEUE)
public void workListen1(String msg) {
System.out.println("work模式1 接收到消息:" + msg);
} @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.WORK_QUEUE)
public void workListen2(String msg) {
System.out.println("work模式2 接收到消息:" + msg);
}
3、发布/订阅模式
一个生产者发送的消息会被多个消费者获取
配置: public final static String FANOUT_QUEUE_ONE = "fanout_queue_one";
public final static String FANOUT_QUEUE_TWO = "fanout_queue_two";
public final static String FANOUT_EXCHANGE = "fanout_exchange";
// fanout 广播者模式队列
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueueOne() {
return new Queue(FANOUT_QUEUE_ONE, true);
} @Bean
public Queue fanoutQueueTwo() {
return new Queue(FANOUT_QUEUE_TWO, true);
} // fanout 交换器
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {
return new FanoutExchange(FANOUT_EXCHANGE);
} // 广播模式绑定
@Bean
public Binding fanoutExchangeBingingOne() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueOne()).to(fanoutExchange()); } @Bean
public Binding fanoutExchangeBingingTwo() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueTwo()).to(fanoutExchange());
} 生产者: public void sendFanoutExchangeMq(String msg) {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.FANOUT_EXCHANGE, "", msg);
logger.info("发送消息:{}", msg);
} 消费者: @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.FANOUT_QUEUE_ONE)
public void fanoutListen1(String msg) {
System.out.println("fanout模式1 接收到消息:" + msg);
} @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.FANOUT_QUEUE_TWO)
public void fanoutListen2(String msg) {
System.out.println("fanout模式2 接收到消息:" + msg);
}
4、路由模式
发送消息到交换机并且要指定路由key ,消费者将队列绑定到交换机时需要指定路由key。那么消息只会发送到相应key相同的队列,接着监听该队列的消费者消费消息。
配置: public final static String DIRECT_QUEUE_ONE = "direct_queue_one";
public final static String DIRECT_QUEUE_TWO = "direct_queue_two";
public final static String DIRECT_EXCHANGE = "direct_exchange";
// direct 路由模式队列
@Bean
public Queue directQueueOne() {
return new Queue(DIRECT_QUEUE_ONE, true);
} @Bean
public Queue directQueueTwo() {
return new Queue(DIRECT_QUEUE_TWO, true);
} // direct 交换器
@Bean
public DirectExchange directExchange() {
return new DirectExchange(DIRECT_EXCHANGE);
} //路由模式绑定
@Bean
public Binding directExchangeBingingOne() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueueOne()).to(directExchange()).with("orange");
} @Bean
public Binding directExchangeBingingTwo() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueueTwo()).to(directExchange()).with("black");
} 生产者: public void sendDirectExchangeMq(String routingKey, String msg) {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.DIRECT_EXCHANGE,"orange" , msg);
logger.info("发送消息:{}", msg);
} 消费者: @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.DIRECT_QUEUE_ONE)
public void directListenOne(String msg) {
System.out.println("direct模式1 接收到消息:" + msg);
} @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.DIRECT_QUEUE_TWO)
public void directListenTwo(String msg) {
System.out.println("direct模式2 接收到消息:" + msg);
}
如上代码,只有routingKey 为orange的能收到消息
5、topic模式
将路由键和某模式进行匹配,此时队列需要绑定在一个模式上,“#”匹配一个词或多个词,“*”只匹配一个词。
配置: public final static String TOPIC_QUEUE_ONE = "topic_queue_one";
public final static String TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO = "topic_queue_two";
public final static String TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "topic_exchange"; public final static String TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY_ONE = "common.key";
public final static String TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY_TWO = "*.key";
// topic 订阅者模式队列
@Bean
public Queue topicQueueOne() {
return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_ONE, true);
} @Bean
public Queue topicQueueTwo() {
return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO, true);
} // topic 交换器
@Bean
public TopicExchange topExchange() {
return new TopicExchange(TOPIC_EXCHANGE);
} // 订阅者模式绑定
@Bean
public Binding topicExchangeBingingOne() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueOne()).to(topExchange()).with(TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY_ONE);
} @Bean
public Binding topicExchangeBingingTwo() {
return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueTwo()).to(topExchange()).with(TOPIC_ROUTINGKEY_TWO);
} 生产者: public void sendTopicExchangeMq(String routingKey, String msg) {
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, "common.key", msg);
logger.info("发送消息:{}", msg);
}
消费者: @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.TOPIC_QUEUE_ONE)
public void topicListenOne(String msg) {
System.out.println("topic模式1 接收到消息:" + msg);
} @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO)
public void topicListenTwo(String msg) {
System.out.println("topic模式2 接收到消息:" + msg);
}
根据routingKey匹配对应的才能收到消息
6、rpc模式
客户端向一个队列中发送消息,并注册一个回调的队列用于接收服务端返回的消息,该消息需要声明一个叫做correaltionId的属性,
该属性将是该次请求的唯一标识。服务端在接受到消息(在需要时可以验证correaltionId)后,处理消息,并将消息发送到客户端注册的回调队列中。
配置: public final static String RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_ONE = "rpcSimpleQueue_one";
public final static String RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_TWO = "rpcSimpleQueue_two";
// rpc简单模式队列
@Bean
public Queue rpcSimpleQueueOne() {
return new Queue(RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_ONE, true);
} @Bean
public Queue rpcSimpleQueueTwo() {
return new Queue(RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_TWO, true);
} @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.addresses}")
private String host; @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")
private String username;
@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")
private String password; @Autowired
ConnectionFactory connectionFactory; @Autowired
RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @Bean(name = "connectionFactory")
public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
connectionFactory.setAddresses(host);
connectionFactory.setUsername(username);
connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
return connectionFactory;
} public RabbitTemplate getRabbitTemplate() {
rabbitTemplate.setReplyAddress(RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_TWO);
rabbitTemplate.setReplyTimeout(2000);
return rabbitTemplate;
} @Bean(name = "replyMessageListenerContainer")
public SimpleMessageListenerContainer createReplyListenerContainer() {
SimpleMessageListenerContainer listenerContainer = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
listenerContainer.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
listenerContainer.setQueueNames(RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_TWO);
listenerContainer.setMessageListener(getRabbitTemplate());
return listenerContainer;
} 生产者: public Message sendRpcSimpleQueueMq(Message msg) {
rabbitTemplate.setReplyAddress(RabbitConfig.RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_TWO);
rabbitTemplate.setReplyTimeout(2000);
Message message = rabbitTemplate.sendAndReceive(RabbitConfig.RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_ONE, msg);
logger.info("发送消息:{}", msg);
return message;
}
消费者: @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitConfig.RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_ONE)
public void rpcSimpleListenOne(Message msg) {
System.out.println("rpc simple 1队列 接收到消息:" + msg);
rabbitTemplate.send(RabbitConfig.RPC_SIMPLE_QUEUE_TWO, con("回复消息:" + new String(msg.getBody()), msg.getMessageProperties().getCorrelationId()));
} public Message con(String s, String id) {
MessageProperties mp = new MessageProperties();
byte[] src = s.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
mp.setCorrelationId(id);
mp.setContentType("application/json");
mp.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
mp.setContentLength((long) s.length());
return new Message(src, mp);
}
、问题处理
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