django 部署，gunicorn、virtualenv、nginx

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使用gunicorn 来部署django

django写代码简单，但部署是个难题，今天终于发现gunicorn 这个好东西，与大家一起分享。

环境：ubuntu 14.04 64bit + django 1.6.5 + virtualenv + gunicorn

一、创建虚拟环境

root@recall:/home/www# pwd

/home/www

root@recall:/home/www# virtualenv bugenv

New python executable in bugenv/bin/python

Installing setuptools, pip...done.

root@recall:/home/www# ll

total 16

drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 21 15:04 ./

drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Jul 21 12:34 ../

drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Jul 21 15:05 bugenv/

....................................(这一行是私人数据，这里不影响，所以不显示了)

二、进入虚拟环境

root@recall:/home/www# cd bugenv/

root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# source bin/activate

(bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv#

三、下载django和gunicorn
pip install django==1.6.5
pip install gunicorn

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# pip install django==1.6.5

 Downloading/unpacking django==1.6.5

   Downloading Django-1.6.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl (6.7MB): 6.7MB downloaded

 Installing collected packages: django

 Successfully installed django

 Cleaning up...

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# pip install gunicorn

 Downloading/unpacking gunicorn

   Downloading gunicorn-19.0.0.tar.gz (382kB): 382kB downloaded

   Running setup.py (path:/home/www/bugenv/build/gunicorn/setup.py) egg_info for package gunicorn

     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'docs'

     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'docs'

     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'tests'

     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'tests'

     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'examples'

     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'examples'

 Installing collected packages: gunicorn

   Running setup.py install for gunicorn

     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'docs'

     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'docs'

     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'tests'

     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'tests'

     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found under directory 'examples'

     warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyo' found under directory 'examples'

       File "/home/www/bugenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/gaiohttp.py", line 67

         yield from self.wsgi.close()

                  ^

     SyntaxError: invalid syntax

     Installing gunicorn_paster script to /home/www/bugenv/bin

     Installing gunicorn script to /home/www/bugenv/bin

     Installing gunicorn_django script to /home/www/bugenv/bin

 Successfully installed gunicorn

 Cleaning up...

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv#

下载django和gunicorn

四、创建django项目和django app

django-admin.py startproject bugproject
python manages.py startapp bugapp

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# ls

 bin include lib local

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# mkdir djcode

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv# cd djcode/

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode# django-admin.py startproject bugproject

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode# cd bugproject/

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# python manage.py startapp bugapp

五、设置django 的settings.py文件
添加app，最后结果如下：

 INSTALLED_APPS = (

     'django.contrib.admin',

     'django.contrib.auth',

     'django.contrib.contenttypes',

     'django.contrib.sessions',

     'django.contrib.messages',

     'django.contrib.staticfiles',

     # add app

     'bugapp',

     'gunicorn',

 )

六、运行gunicorn

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# pwd

 /home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# gunicorn bugproject.wsgi:application -b 127.0.0.1:1010

如果没有问题，程序就挂起了。
如果你要操作其它东西，你最好使用nohup或screen

七、测试

7.1 我这里用的是nohup运行的(也就是说，上面六的最后一行命令变成了下面这一行)

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# nohup gunicorn bugproject.wsgi:application -b 127.0.0.1:1010&

然后用tail查看nohup.out，没有任何信息就对了

7.2 查看端口

 (bugenv)root@recall:/home/www/bugenv/djcode/bugproject# netstat -lpnt

 Active Internet connections (only servers)

 Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name

 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      772/nginx

 tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:1010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      9842/python

 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:******          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      8387/python

 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:*****           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      689/python

 tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:****            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1013/python

我们使用的1010端口已经被占用了

7.3 使用curl 进行测试
root@recall:~# curl 127.0.0.1:1010
结果如下：

 <!DOCTYPE html>

 <html lang="en"><head>

   <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">

   <meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE"><title>Welcome to Django</title>

   <style type="text/css">

     html * { padding:0; margin:0; }

     body * { padding:10px 20px; }

     body * * { padding:0; }

     body { font:small sans-serif; }

     body>div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; }

     h1 { font-weight:normal; }

     h2 { margin-bottom:.8em; }

     h2 span { font-size:80%; color:#666; font-weight:normal; }

     h3 { margin:1em 0 .5em 0; }

     h4 { margin:0 0 .5em 0; font-weight: normal; }

     table { border:1px solid #ccc; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; background:white; }

     tbody td, tbody th { vertical-align:top; padding:2px 3px; }

     thead th { padding:1px 6px 1px 3px; background:#fefefe; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; font-size:11px; border:1px solid #ddd; }

     tbody th { width:12em; text-align:right; color:#666; padding-right:.5em; }

     #summary { background: #e0ebff; }

     #summary h2 { font-weight: normal; color: #666; }

     #explanation { background:#eee; }

     #instructions { background:#f6f6f6; }

     #summary table { border:none; background:transparent; }

   </style>

 </head>

 <body>

 <div id="summary">

   <h1>It worked!</h1>

   <h2>Congratulations on your first Django-powered page.</h2>

 </div>

 <div id="instructions">

   <p>

     Of course, you haven't actually done any work yet.

     Next, start your first app by running <code>python manage.py startapp [appname]</code>.

   </p>

 </div>

 <div id="explanation">

   <p>

     You're seeing this message because you have <code>DEBUG = True</code> in your

     Django settings file and you haven't configured any URLs. Get to work!

   </p>

 </div>

 </body></html>

八、配置nginx
8.1 只有127.0.0.1:1010能访问时不够的，我们还需要配置nginx

root@recall:~# vim /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf

     server{

         listen 80;

         resolver 8.8.8.8;

         server_name www.xxoo.com;

         location / {

                 proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:1010;

                 proxy_set_header Host $host;

                 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

                 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

         }

     }

至于静态文件，自己百度、谷歌配置就好了。

8.2 测试配置文件

 root@recall:~# /usr/local/nginx/nginx -t

 nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok

 nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

8.3 nginx 重新加载配置文件
root@recall:~# /usr/local/nginx/nginx -s reload

巴特西

django 部署，gunicorn、virtualenv、nginx

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