python学习-3.一些常用模块用法

一、time、datetime

时间戳转化为元组

1 >>> time.localtime()

2 time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=16, tm_min=21, tm_sec=38, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=239, tm_isdst=0)

3 >>> time.gmtime()

4 time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=8, tm_min=21, tm_sec=44, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=239, tm_isdst=0)

元组转化为时间戳

1 >>> a =time.localtime()

2 >>> a

3 time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=16, tm_min=23, tm_sec=31, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=239, tm_isdst=0)

4 >>> time.mktime(a)

5 1472199811.0

元组和格式化

>> a

time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=16, tm_min=23, tm_sec=31, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=239, tm_isdst=0)

>>> time.strptime('2016-12-12 12:12:12',"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=12, tm_mday=12, tm_hour=12, tm_min=12, tm_sec=12, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=347, tm_isdst=-1)

>>> time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",a)

'2016-08-26 16:23:31'

元组转化为字符串

1 >>> a= time.localtime()

2 >>> a

3 time.struct_time(tm_year=2016, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=26, tm_hour=16, tm_min=26, tm_sec=42, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=239, tm_isdst=0)

4 >>> time.asctime(a)

5 'Fri Aug 26 16:26:42 2016'

时间戳转化为字符串

1 >>> a = time.mktime(time.localtime())

2 >>> a

3 1472200092.0

4 >>> time.ctime(a)

5 'Fri Aug 26 16:28:12 2016'

datatime

1 >>> datetime.datetime.now()

2 datetime.datetime(2016, 8, 26, 16, 29, 6, 74390)

3 >>> datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(-4)

4 datetime.datetime(2016, 8, 22, 16, 29, 12, 625394)

5 >>> datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=9)

6 datetime.datetime(2016, 8, 27, 1, 29, 16, 201594)

二、random模块

random.randint(1,9) 1和9都在

random.randrange(1,8)	8不在

random.random()	0-1

random.uniform(1,10)

random.randrange(1,8)

random.choice('hellp') 从中随机选一个

random.sample('hello',2)

>>> a=[1,2,3,4,5]

>>> random.shuffle(a)

>>> a

[4, 1, 5, 3, 2]

三、os模块

>>> os.getcwd()

'/root/oldboy'

>>> os.chdir('..')

>>> os.getcwd()

'/root'

>>>os.chdir(r'')

>>> os.curdir

'.'

>>> os.pardir

'..'

os.makedirs()	多级目录

os.removedirs()	删除多级目录，删除后上一级目录为空，照样删除

os.mkdir()	只能创建单级目录

os.rmdir()	只删除单级

os.listdir()	列出当前目录

os.rename(old，new)

os.stat()

os.sep

os.pathsep

os.linesep

>>> os.name

'posix'

os.system()

os.environ

os.path.abspath(path)

>>> os.path.split(r'/root/1.c')

('/root', '1.c')

>>> os.path.basename('/root/1.c')

'1.c'

>>> os.path.dirname('/root/1.c')

'/root'

>>> os.path.exists('/root')

True

os.path.isabs('/root/1.c')

os.path.isfile()	是否是文件

os.path.isdir()

os.path.join(['',''])	多个路径组合返回

os.path.getatime()

os.path.getmtime()

四、shutil模块

shutil.rmtree()

shutil.copytree('test','newtest')

shutil.copystat()

shutil.copyfile()

shutil.move()

shutil.make_archive(n)

五、shelve模块

import shelve

d = shelve.open('shelve_test') #打开一个文件

class Test(object):

def __init__(self,n):

self.n = n

t = Test(123)

t2 = Test(123334)

name = ["alex","rain","test"]

d["test"] = name #持久化列表

d["t1"] = t #持久化类

d["t2"] = t2

d.close()

巴特西

python学习-3.一些常用模块用法

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