JsonSchema 启蒙
2024-10-07 18:11:43
jsonSchema 的应用场景有很多，毕竟现在各个接口传输数据基本都是json，比如你做测试想对部分json字段进行校验或者统计你该如何写？解析json获取字段然后if else？
不是说不可以但是也太low了，完全可以用jsonSchema来解决这个问题。有人就会说了，可是我不会啊，不会写jsonSchema,也不知道怎么用。 没关系问题不大，几分钟就能搞定的问题
首先让我们取一个json 样例数据
{
"task_id": "f0f951a8-9883-11e9-a4ac-f0000aff48a4",
"success": 1000,
"result": {
"code": 1000,
"bad_cnt": 0,
"doubtList": [{
"phone": "",
"name": "贷款",
"key": "贷"
}],
"small_rate": 0.0,
"invalid_cnt": 11,
"phone_small": {
"": false,
"": true
}
}
}
然后打开网址 https://app.quicktype.io/#l=schema 输入json生成schema
如果你仔细观察一下的话你会发现，结构其实和你的json差不多是对应的，但是还不能直接用，下面我们只需要对照这个schema做一点修改就可以投入使用了
{
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
"$ref": "#/definitions/Welcome",
"definitions": {
"Welcome": { # 名字随便起
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false, # 这里要改成true
"properties": {
"task_id": { #task_id 字段的相关验证
"type": "string", #数据类型 字符串
"format": "uuid" #数据格式uuid
},
"success": {
"type": "integer" #数据类型 int
},
"result": {
"$ref": "#/definitions/Result" # result 字段的相关验证对应下面的Result
}
},
"required": [ #表示需要校验的字段，比如我们只需要校验 'success' 可以把别的删除
"result",
"success",
"task_id"
],
"title": "Welcome"
},
"Result": { # 这是是result字段的校验信息
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false, # 改成true
"properties": {
"code": {
"type": "integer"
},
"bad_cnt": {
"type": "integer"
},
"doubtList": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"$ref": "#/definitions/DoubtList"
}
},
"small_rate": {
"type": "integer"
},
"invalid_cnt": {
"type": "integer"
},
"phone_small": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": {
"type": "boolean"
}
}
},
"required": [
"bad_cnt",
"code",
"doubtList",
"invalid_cnt",
"phone_small",
"small_rate"
],
"title": "Result"
},
"DoubtList": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": false,
"properties": {
"phone": {
"type": "string"
},
"name": {
"type": "string"
},
"key": {
"type": "string"
}
},
"required": [
"key",
"name",
"phone"
],
"title": "DoubtList"
}
}
}
好，现在开始正式干活
a = {
"task_id": "f0f951a8-9883-11e9-a4ac-f0000aff48a4",
"success": 1000, #比如我们现在要检验这个字段必须是1000，具体字段条件咨询百度，
"result": {
"code": 1000,
"bad_cnt": 0,
"doubtList": [{
"phone": "",
"name": "贷款",
"key": "贷"
}],
"small_rate": 0.0,
"invalid_cnt": 11,
"phone_small": {
"": false,
"": true
}
}
}
#那我们修改schema
s = {
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
"$ref": "#/definitions/Welcome",
"definitions": {
"Welcome": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": True,
"properties": {
"success": {
"type": "integer",
"enum":[1000] #限定枚举值
}
},
"required": [
"success"
],
"title": "Welcome"
}
}
}
from jsonschema import validate
try:
validate(s,a)
print('ok')
except:
print('error')
学会了没有？没学会不要紧我们再来一次
a = {
"task_id": "f0f951a8-9883-11e9-a4ac-f0000aff48a4",
"success": 1000,
"result": {
"code": 1000,
"bad_cnt": 0,
"doubtList": [{
"phone": "",
"name": "贷款",
"key": "贷"
}],
"small_rate": 0.0, # 我们要验证这个字段是float 最小值是0
"invalid_cnt": 11,
"phone_small": {
"": false, #顺便验证这个字段是boolean,而且只能是True
"": true
}
}
}
那么schema应该这么改:
{
"$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-06/schema#",
"$ref": "#/definitions/Welcome",
"definitions": {
"Welcome": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": True,
"properties": {
"result": {
"$ref": "#/definitions/Result"
}
},
"required": [
"result"
],
"title": "Welcome"
},
"Result": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": True,
"properties": {
"small_rate": {
"type": "number",
"minimum": 0,
"exclusiveMinimum": True
},
"phone_small": {
"type": "object",
"additionalProperties": {
"type": "boolean",
"enum":[True]
}
}
},
"required": [
"phone_small",
"small_rate"
],
"title": "Result"
}
}
}
OK轻松加愉快，照葫芦画瓢就行了。什么？你还想知道别的字段限制条件？有肯定是有的，但是我不会说，因为说了你也记不住，具体用的时候自行百度。
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