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Popen.communicate(input=None)¶
Interact with process: Send data to stdin. Read data from stdout and stderr, until end-of-file is reached. Wait for process to terminate. The optional input argument should be a string to be sent to the child process, or None, if no data should be sent to the child.

communicate() returns a tuple (stdoutdata, stderrdata).

Note that if you want to send data to the process’s stdin, you need to create the Popen object with stdin=PIPE. Similarly, to get anything other than None in the result tuple, you need to give stdout=PIPE and/or stderr=PIPE too.

Note The data read is buffered in memory, so do not use this method if the data size is large or unlimited.
我们可以在Popen()建立子进程的时候改变标准输入、标准输出和标准错误，并可以利用subprocess.PIPE将多个子进程的输入和输出连接在一起，构成管道(pipe):

import subprocess
child1 = subprocess.Popen(["ls","-l"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
child2 = subprocess.Popen(["wc"], stdin=child1.stdout,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
out = child2.communicate()
print(out)
subprocess.PIPE实际上为文本流提供一个缓存区。child1的stdout将文本输出到缓存区，随后child2的stdin从该PIPE中将文本读取走。child2的输出文本也被存放在PIPE中，直到communicate()方法从PIPE中读取出PIPE中的文本。

要注意的是，communicate()是Popen对象的一个方法，该方法会阻塞父进程，直到子进程完成。

我们还可以利用communicate()方法来使用PIPE给子进程输入:

import subprocess
child = subprocess.Popen(["cat"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
child.communicate("vamei")
我们启动子进程之后，cat会等待输入，直到我们用communicate()输入"vamei"。

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