存储卷查看：kubectl explain pods.spec.volumes

一、简单的存储方式

1）2个容器之间共享存储.。（删除则数据消失）

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

  name: pod-demo

  namespace: default

  labels:

    app: myapp

    tier: frontend

  annotations:

    magedu.com/created-by: "clusten admin"

spec:

  containers:

  - name: myapp

    image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

    ports:

    - name: http

      containerPort:

    volumeMounts:

    - name: html

      mountPath: /data/web/html/

  - name: busybox

    image: busybox:latest

    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

    volumeMounts:

    - name: html

      mountPath: /data/

    command:

    - "/bin/sh"

    - "-c"

    - "sleep 3600"

  volumes:

  - name: html

    emptyDir: {}

pod-vol-demo.yaml

创建容器

[root@master volume]# kubectl apply -f pod-vol-demo.yaml

pod/pod-demo created

进入容器测试

进入其中一个创建数据

[root@master volume]# kubectl exec -it pod-demo  -c busybox -- /bin/sh

/ #

/ # echo $(date) >> /data/index.html

/ # echo $(date) >> /data/index.html

/ # cat /data/index.html

Sun Jun  :: UTC

Sun Jun  :: UTC

进入第二查看数据

[root@master volume]# kubectl exec -it pod-demo  -c myapp -- /bin/sh

/ # cat /data/web/html/index.html

Sun Jun  :: UTC

Sun Jun  :: UTC

2）根据2个容器的存储，一个容器创造数据，一个数据读取数据。（删除则数据消失）

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

  name: pod-demo

  namespace: default

  labels:

    app: myapp

    tier: frontend

  annotations:

    magedu.com/created-by: "clusten admin"

spec:

  containers:

  - name: myapp

    image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

    ports:

    - name: http

      containerPort:

    volumeMounts:

    - name: html

      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html/

  - name: busybox

    image: busybox:latest

    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

    volumeMounts:

    - name: html

      mountPath: /data/

    command: ["/bin/sh"]

    args: ["-c", "while true; do echo $(date) >> /data/index.html; sleep 2; done"]

  volumes:

  - name: html

    emptyDir: {}

pod-vol-demo.yaml

读取测试

[root@master volume]# kubectl apply -f pod-vol-demo.yaml

pod/pod-demo created

[root@master volume]# kubectl get pods -o wide

NAME       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES

pod-demo   /     Running             10s   10.244.2.8   node01   <none>           <none>

[root@master volume]# curl 10.244.2.8

Sun Jun  :: UTC

Sun Jun  :: UTC

Sun Jun  :: UTC

Sun Jun  :: UTC

Sun Jun  :: UTC

Sun Jun  :: UTC

Sun Jun  :: UTC

3）将内容存储与节点机器上

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

  name: pod-vol-hostpath

  namespace: default

spec:

  containers:

  - name: myapp

    image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

    volumeMounts:

    - name: html

      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html

  volumes:

  - name: html

    hostPath:

      path: /data/pod/volume1

      type: DirectoryOrCreate

pod-hostpath-vol.yaml

创建容器

[root@master volume]# kubectl apply -f pod-hostpath-vol.yaml

pod/pod-vol-hostpath created

[root@master volume]# kubectl get pods -o wide

NAME               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES

pod-vol-hostpath   /     Running             51s   10.244.2.9   node01   <none>           <none>

进入容器内创建数据，则可在存储卷中查看到数据内容

[root@master volume]# kubectl exec -it pod-vol-hostpath /bin/sh

/ # cd /usr/share/nginx/html

/usr/share/nginx/html # echo "hello world" >> index.html

[root@master volume]# curl 10.244.2.9

hello world

登陆到 node01 服务器

[root@node01 ~]# cat /data/pod/volume1/index.html

hello world

3.1）测试删除了容器，内容是否还在

[root@master volume]# kubectl delete -f pod-hostpath-vol.yaml

pod "pod-vol-hostpath" deleted

[root@master volume]# kubectl get pods

No resources found.

[root@master volume]# kubectl apply -f pod-hostpath-vol.yaml

pod/pod-vol-hostpath created

[root@master volume]# kubectl get pods -o wide

NAME               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES

pod-vol-hostpath   /     Running             39s   10.244.2.10   node01   <none>           <none>

[root@master volume]# curl 10.244.2.10

hello world

二、使用nfs来做存储卷

1）先测试 nfs 共享存储的可用性

1.1）node 机器和pv机器编辑hosts主机解析

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.1.5 master

192.168.1.6 node01 n1

192.168.1.7 node02 n2

192.168.1.8 pv01 p1

cat /etc/hosts

1.2）pv 机器安卓nfs 并启动

[root@pvz01 ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils

[root@pvz01 ~]# mkdir -pv /data/volumes

mkdir: created directory ‘/data’

mkdir: created directory ‘/data/volumes’

[root@pvz01 ~]# cat /etc/exports

/data/volumes 192.168.1.0/(rw,no_root_squash)

[root@pvz01 ~]# systemctl start nfs

[root@pvz01 ~]# ss -tnl|grep

LISTEN                      *:                     *:*

LISTEN                     :::                    :::

节点机器也需要安装nfs，并测试挂载服务

[root@node01 ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils

[root@node01 ~]# mount -t nfs pv01:/data/volumes /mnt

[root@node01 ~]# df -h|grep mnt

pv01:/data/volumes        19G  .1G   18G   % /mnt

[root@node01 ~]# df -h|grep mnt

pv01:/data/volumes        19G  .1G   18G   % /mnt

1.3）挂在服务正常可用。取消挂载

[root@node01 ~]# umount /mnt

[root@node01 ~]# df -h|grep mnt

2）使用k8s来管理节点调用 nfs的存储功能

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/hosts|grep 192.168.1.8

192.168.1.8 pv01 p1 pv01.test.com

2.1）master机器编辑 相应的yaml文件

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

  name: pod-vol-nfs

  namespace: default

spec:

  containers:

  - name: myapp

    image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

    volumeMounts:

    - name: html

      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html

  volumes:

  - name: html

    nfs:

      path: /data/volumes

      server: pv01.test.com

pod-vol-nfs.yaml

2.2）创建该pod

[root@master nfs_volume]# kubectl apply -f pod-vol-nfs.yaml

pod/pod-vol-nfs created

[root@master nfs_volume]# kubectl get pods -o wide

NAME          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES

pod-vol-nfs   /     Running             10s   10.244.2.11   node01   <none>           <none>

2.3）进入pv服务，在挂载卷下随便创建内容，进入访问测试

[root@pvz01 ~]# echo $(date) >  /data/volumes/index.html

[root@pvz01 ~]# echo $(date) >>  /data/volumes/index.html

[root@pvz01 ~]# echo $(date) >>  /data/volumes/index.html 

[root@master nfs_volume]# curl 10.244.2.11

Sun Jun  :: CST

Sun Jun  :: CST

Sun Jun  :: CST

三、pv 和 pvc的使用

1）在pv机器创建好存储卷

[root@pvz01 volumes]# ls

index.html

[root@pvz01 volumes]# mkdir v{,,,,}

[root@pvz01 volumes]# ls

index.html  v1  v2  v3  v4  v5

[root@pvz01 volumes]# cat /etc/exports

/data/volumes/v1 192.168.1.0/(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/volumes/v2 192.168.1.0/(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/volumes/v3 192.168.1.0/(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/volumes/v4 192.168.1.0/(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/volumes/v5 192.168.1.0/(rw,no_root_squash)

[root@pvz01 volumes]# exportfs -arv

exporting 192.168.1.0/:/data/volumes/v5

exporting 192.168.1.0/:/data/volumes/v4

exporting 192.168.1.0/:/data/volumes/v3

exporting 192.168.1.0/:/data/volumes/v2

exporting 192.168.1.0/:/data/volumes/v1

[root@pvz01 volumes]# showmount -e

Export list for pvz01:

/data/volumes/v5 192.168.1.0/

/data/volumes/v4 192.168.1.0/

/data/volumes/v3 192.168.1.0/

/data/volumes/v2 192.168.1.0/

/data/volumes/v1 192.168.1.0/

2）创建pv 绑定pv机器上的存储卷

[root@master ~]# kubectl explain pv    # pv 相关参数

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

  name: pv001

  labels:

    name: pv001

spec:

  nfs:

    path: /data/volumes/v1

    server: pv01.test.com

  accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

  capacity:

    storage: 2Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

  name: pv002

  labels:

    name: pv002

spec:

  nfs:

    path: /data/volumes/v2

    server: pv01.test.com

  accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

  capacity:

    storage: 2Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

  name: pv003

  labels:

    name: pv003

spec:

  nfs:

    path: /data/volumes/v3

    server: pv01.test.com

  accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

  capacity:

    storage: 1Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

  name: pv004

  labels:

    name: pv004

spec:

  nfs:

    path: /data/volumes/v4

    server: pv01.test.com

  accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]

  capacity:

    storage: 5Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

  name: pv005

  labels:

    name: pv005

spec:

  nfs:

    path: /data/volumes/v5

    server: pv01.test.com

  accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

  capacity:

    storage: 5Gi

pv-demo.yaml

创建可利用的pv

[root@master volume]# kubectl apply -f pv-demo.yaml

persistentvolume/pv001 created

persistentvolume/pv002 created

persistentvolume/pv003 created

persistentvolume/pv004 created

persistentvolume/pv005 created

[root@master volume]# kubectl get pv

NAME    CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS      CLAIM   STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE

pv001   2Gi        RWO,RWX        Retain           Available                                   37s

pv002   2Gi        RWO,RWX        Retain           Available                                   37s

pv003   1Gi        RWO,RWX        Retain           Available                                   37s

pv004   5Gi        RWO            Retain           Available                                   37s

pv005   5Gi        RWO,RWX        Retain           Available                                   37s

3）定义pod资源, 使用pvc调用可利用的pv

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolumeClaim

metadata:

  name: mypvc

  namespace: default

spec:

  accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany"]

  resources:

    requests:

      storage: 4Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

  name: pod-vol-pvc

  namespace: default

spec:

  containers:

  - name: myapp

    image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

    volumeMounts:

    - name: html

      mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html

  volumes:

  - name: html

    persistentVolumeClaim:

      claimName: mypvc

pod-vol-pvc.yaml

创建pod的资源查看 pv 的情况

[root@master volume]# kubectl apply -f pod-vol-pvc.yaml

persistentvolumeclaim/mypvc unchanged

pod/pod-vol-pvc created

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods

NAME          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE

pod-vol-pvc   /     Running             6m16s

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pv

NAME    CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS      CLAIM           STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE

pv001   2Gi        RWO,RWX        Retain           Available                                           22m

pv002   2Gi        RWO,RWX        Retain           Available                                           22m

pv003   1Gi        RWO,RWX        Retain           Available                                           22m

pv004   5Gi        RWO            Retain           Available                                           22m

pv005   5Gi        RWO,RWX        Retain           Bound       default/mypvc                           22m

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pvc

NAME    STATUS   VOLUME   CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE

mypvc   Bound    pv005    5Gi        RWO,RWX                       8m33s

此时根据调度算法，数据已经绑定在了pv005中

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