背景

微信退款接口需要使用到证书，我参考微信的官方Demo进行，部分代码如下：

char[] password = config.getMchID().toCharArray();

InputStream certStream = config.getCertStream();

KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");

ks.load(certStream, password);

上面的代码，在本地调试的时候正常跑过，没有出现任何异常，但是放到测试环境之后便会出现下面的异常，这三种异常都是从ks.load(certStream, password)这里抛出来的。定位这个问题花费了一些时间，且让我小小总结一下，供大家遇到相同问题时有个参考。

异常类型1

java.io.IOException: Short read of DER length

	at sun.security.util.DerInputStream.getLength(DerInputStream.java:582)

	at sun.security.util.DerValue.init(DerValue.java:391)

	at sun.security.util.DerValue.<init>(DerValue.java:332)

	at sun.security.util.DerValue.<init>(DerValue.java:345)

	at sun.security.pkcs12.PKCS12KeyStore.engineLoad(PKCS12KeyStore.java:1914)

	at java.security.KeyStore.load(KeyStore.java:1445)

	at com.lingyejun.authenticator.ReadPKCS12File$LoadCertInputStream.run(ReadPKCS12File.java:53)

	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)

	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)

	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

异常类型2

java.io.IOException: DerInputStream.getLength(): lengthTag=7, too big.

	at sun.security.util.DerInputStream.getLength(DerInputStream.java:599)

	at sun.security.util.DerValue.init(DerValue.java:391)

	at sun.security.util.DerValue.<init>(DerValue.java:332)

	at sun.security.util.DerValue.<init>(DerValue.java:345)

	at sun.security.pkcs12.PKCS12KeyStore.engineLoad(PKCS12KeyStore.java:1914)

	at java.security.KeyStore.load(KeyStore.java:1445)

	at com.lingyejun.authenticator.ReadPKCS12File$LoadCertInputStream.run(ReadPKCS12File.java:53)

	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)

	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)

	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

异常类型3

java.io.IOException: toDerInputStream rejects tag type 54

	at sun.security.util.DerValue.toDerInputStream(DerValue.java:874)

	at sun.security.pkcs12.PKCS12KeyStore.engineLoad(PKCS12KeyStore.java:1915)

	at java.security.KeyStore.load(KeyStore.java:1445)

	at com.lingyejun.authenticator.ReadPKCS12File$LoadCertInputStream.run(ReadPKCS12File.java:53)

	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)

	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)

	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

结论：keyStore.load(InputStream stream, char[] password)中的InputStream在尝试加载的过程中，如果有其他的线程正在使用或者进行同样的读加载，那么就会抛出上面的异常。　　　　

模拟复现

package com.lingyejun.authenticator;

import javax.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.security.*;

import java.security.cert.CertificateException;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**

 * 模拟加载certStream问题

 *

 * @Author: lingyejun

 * @Date: 2019/6/24

 * @Describe:

 * @Modified By:

 */

public class ReadPKCS12File {

    // 线程个数

    private static final int THREAD_POOL_SIZE = 10;

    // 初始化线程池

    private ExecutorService executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREAD_POOL_SIZE, THREAD_POOL_SIZE,

            0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,

            new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());

    // HTTPS证书的本地路径

    private static final String CERT_LOCAL_PATH = "apiclient_cert.p12";

    // HTTPS证书密码，默认密码等于商户号MCHID

    private static final String CERT_PASSWORD = "1509107311";

    private static InputStream certStream = ReadPKCS12File.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(CERT_LOCAL_PATH);

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ReadPKCS12File readPKCS12File = new ReadPKCS12File();

        for (int threadNo = 0; threadNo < THREAD_POOL_SIZE; threadNo++) {

            readPKCS12File.executorService.execute(readPKCS12File.new LoadCertInputStream());

        }

        readPKCS12File.executorService.shutdown();

    }

    public class LoadCertInputStream implements Runnable {

        @Override

        public void run() {

            // 证书

            char[] password = CERT_PASSWORD.toCharArray();

            InputStream certStream = ReadPKCS12File.certStream;

            try {

                KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");

                ks.load(certStream, password);

                // 实例化密钥库 & 初始化密钥工厂

                KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());

                kmf.init(ks, password);

                // 创建 SSLContext

                SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");

                sslContext.init(kmf.getKeyManagers(), null, new SecureRandom());

                // 余下代码就不写了，，，

                System.out.println("初始化SSL成功！");

            } catch (IOException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            } catch (CertificateException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            } catch (UnrecoverableKeyException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            } catch (KeyStoreException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            } catch (KeyManagementException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

        }

    }

}

知道问题之后，我们只需要将certStream由全局唯一更改为方法的局部变量即可

InputStream certStream = ReadPKCS12File.certStream

改为

InputStream certStream = ReadPKCS12File.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(CERT_LOCAL_PATH)

究其原因

微信的官方Demo中的，InputStream certStream = config.getCertStream()，这行代码把我给'误导'了，我是在外部读取的pkcs12文件输入流且config对象是单例的，导致多个线程共同访问这行代码时，certStream不能被正常加载，故出现了上面的问题。

参考回答：

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7399154/pkcs12-derinputstream-getlength-exception/7399546#7399546

巴特西

坑爹微信之读取PKCS12流时出现的java.io.IOException: DerInputStream.getLength

背景

异常类型1

异常类型2

异常类型3

模拟复现

究其原因

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