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microservicecloud

Microservice based on Springcloud,follwer me to build a com.styz.com.styz.microservice instance step by step

插件推荐

在搭建项目之前先推荐两款很好用的IDEA插件,至于插件做什么用的,自己百度吧!

1.MyBatisCodeHelper-Pro

2.lombok

建立父工程Microservicecloud

点击 File——>new——>Project 新建maven工程项目

修改pom.xml文件

<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.30</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>repository.springframework.maven.release</id>
<name>Spring Framework Maven Release Repository</name>
<url>http://maven.springframework.org/milestone/</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>org.springframework</id>
<url> http://maven.springframework.org/snapshot</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestone</id>
<name>Spring Maven MILESTONE Repository</name>
<url>http://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
</repository>
<repository>
<id>spring-release</id>
<name>Spring Maven RELEASE Repository</name>
<url>http://repo.spring.io/libs-release</url>
</repository>
</repositories>

搭建Employ员工服务

创建数据库

1.执行microserivcecloud-database中的Employ.sql文件创建员工服务需要用到的表

当然也可以自己考出来执行

use db;
SET STORAGE_ENGINE = InnoDB; DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `employ`;
CREATE TABLE `employ` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '员工编号',
`name` varchar(48) NOT NULL COMMENT '名字',
`departmentId` bigint(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '部门编号',
`datasourceId` varchar(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '数据存储位置',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
insert into employ(id,name,departmentId,datasourceId) values(1,"zhansan",1,DATABASE());
insert into employ(id,name,departmentId,datasourceId) values(2,"lisi",2,DATABASE());
insert into employ(id,name,departmentId,datasourceId) values(3,"wangwu",3,DATABASE());
insert into employ(id,name,departmentId,datasourceId) values(4,"maliu",4,DATABASE());

2.创建springboot+mybatis整合项目

2.1创建microservicecloud-api 子模块项目用于存放公共的接口和实体

修改pom.xml文件

 <!--添加lombok依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.2利用MyBatisCodeHelper-Pro生成mybatis的mapper接口和数据库实体到microservicecloud-api中

生成结果如下

com.styz.microservicecloud.entity.Employ #实体
com.styz.microservicecloud.mapper.EmployMapper #mapper接口
microservicecloud-api/src/main/resources/mapperxml/EmployMapper.xml #mapper.xml sql 文件

然后执行mvn install操作

2.3创建microservicecloud-employservice 模块

修改pom文件

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.com.styz.microservicecloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

创建com.styz.microservicecloud包新建EmployServiceApplication启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.com.styz.microservicecloud.mapper")
public class EmployServiceApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EmployServiceApplication.class);
}
}

然后创建com.styz.com.styz.microserivcecloud.service.EmployService接口以及其实现类

public interface EmployService {
/**
* 获取所有员工
* @return
*/
public List<Employ> getAllEmployes(); /**
* 根据Id获取指定员工
* @param id
* @return
*/
public Employ getEmployById(long id);
}
@Service
public class EmployServiceImpl implements EmployService {
@Autowired
private EmployMapper employMapper; public List<Employ> getAllEmployes() {
return employMapper.listAll();
} public Employ getEmployById(long id) {
return employMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
}
}

然后创建com.styz.com.styz.microserivcecloud.controller.EmployController

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/employ")
public class EmployController {
@Autowired
private EmployService employService; @RequestMapping("/getAllEmployes")
public List<Employ> getAllEmployes(){
return employService.getAllEmployes();
}
@RequestMapping("/getEmployById/{id}")
public Employ getEmployById(@PathVariable("id")long id){
return employService.getEmployById(id);
}
}

添加配置文件

#应用程序使用的端口
server:
port: 8999
#mybatis相关配置
mybatis:
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml
type-alias-package: com.com.styz.microservicecloud.entity
mapper-locations:
- classpath*:mapperxml/*Mapper.xml
#数据源配置
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://k8s-n1:3307/db
username: root
password: 123456
dbcp2:
min-idle: 5
initial-size: 5
max-idle: 10
max-total: 20
max-wait-millis: 10
# 服务名称
application:
name: EmployService

mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<!--二级缓存开启-->
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>
</configuration>

注意:@MapperScan("com.com.styz.microservicecloud.mapper")必须扫描到API模块里的mapper接口

2.5 自嗨一下

访问http://localhost:8999/employ/getAllEmployes 查看一下是否正常返回

自此单机服务已经整合完毕

创建消费者服务microservicecloud-employconsummer

1.新建模块microservicecloud-employconsummer修改pom文件

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.com.styz.microservicecloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

2.添加配置application.yml

server:
port: 8111
spring:
application:
name: EmployComsummer
devtools:
restart:
enabled: true

3.新建config配置类com.styz.com.styz.com.styz.microservice.config.ConsummerConfigBean

@Configuration
public class ConsummerConfigBean {
/**
* RestTemplate 封装了httpclient的实现能够简化我们对请求的访问
* @return
*/
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}

4.创建消费者controller com.styz.com.styz.com.styz.microservice.controller.EmployConsumerController

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/comsummer")
public class EmployConsumerController {
//服务提供方的地址:http://localhost:8999/employ/getAllEmployes
public static final String EMPLOY_PROVIDE_URL="http://localhost:8999/employ";
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate; @RequestMapping("/getById/{id}")
public Employ getEmployById(@PathVariable("id") long id){
return restTemplate.postForObject(EMPLOY_PROVIDE_URL+"/getEmployById/"+id,null,Employ.class);
}
@RequestMapping("/getAllEmployes")
public List<Employ> getAllEmployes(){
return restTemplate.postForObject(EMPLOY_PROVIDE_URL+"/getAllEmployes",null,List.class);
}
}

5.新建消费者启动类:com.styz.com.styz.com.styz.microservice.EmployComsumerApplication

@SpringBootApplication
public class EmployComsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EmployComsumerApplication.class);
}
}

至此单体消费者实例已经完成。自嗨一下:访问http://localhost:8111/consummer/getById/1 看看能不能调用到服务端

提供的服务

Eureka注册中心搭建

Eureka主要的功能就是服务注册与发现。是Netflix公司下开源一款产品,功能比较单一

基于AP原则实现。cs架构模式实现,想要详细了Eureka可以百度。

单机模式

创建microservicecloud-registry-8211 模块

1.修改pom文件

 <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency> </dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<finalName>${project.name}</finalName>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

2.创建com.styz.com.styz.com.styz.microservice.RegistryApplication_8211 启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class RegistryApplication_8211 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(RegistryApplication_8211.class,args);
}
}

3.配置文件


spring:
application:
name: registry-8211 eureka:
instance:
#euraka 服务器实例名称
#主机名字需要修改host文件
hostname: registry8211
client:
#false表示不向注册中心注册自己
register-with-eureka: false
#false表示自己端就是注册中心,我的职责就是维护服务实例,并不需要去检索服务
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
#单机配置 http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka
#集群环境搭建:http://registry8212:8212/eureka/,http://registry8213:8213/eureka/
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka
server:
port: 8211

单机注册中心已经完成 访问 http://registry8211:8211/ 就会出现注册中心的界面

集群搭建

修改microservicecloud-registry-8211 模块

1.只需要修改bootstrap.yml中的

 defaultZone: http://registry8212:8212/eureka/,http://registry8213:8213/eureka/

拷贝microservicecloud-registry-8211 两份

microservicecloud-registry-8212 microservicecloud-registry-8213

同理修改


spring:
application:
name: registry-8212 eureka:
instance:
#euraka 服务器实例名称
hostname: registry8212
client:
#false表示不向注册中心注册自己
register-with-eureka: false
#false表示自己端就是注册中心,我的职责就是维护服务实例,并不需要去检索服务
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
#单机配置 http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka
#集群环境搭建
defaultZone: http://registry8211:8211/eureka/,http://registry8213:8213/eureka/
server:
port: 8212

spring:
application:
name: registry-8213 eureka:
instance:
#euraka 服务器实例名称
hostname: registry8213
client:
#false表示不向注册中心注册自己
register-with-eureka: false
#false表示自己端就是注册中心,我的职责就是维护服务实例,并不需要去检索服务
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
#单机配置 http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka
#集群环境搭建
defaultZone: http://registry8211:8211/eureka/,http://registry8212:8212/eureka/
server:
port: 8213

修改hosts文件

127.0.0.1  registry8213 registry8212 registry8211

至此集群模式搭建完毕,可以分别访问 http://registry8211:8211/ http://registry8212:8212/ http://registry8213:8213/

出现Eureka的界面表示成功。

注册服务到注册中心

新建microservicecloud-employproviderwithregistry

拷贝microserivicecloud-employservice中的代码和配置文件到microservicecloud-employproviderwithregistry 模块中

修改pom文件

<!--添加注册中心依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--添加springboot监控依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

添加bootstrap.yml文件

#服务名称
spring:
application:
name: EmployService
eureka:
client:
service-url:
#单机配置:http://localhost:8211/eureka
defaultZone: http://registry8212:8212/eureka/,http://registry8213:8213/eureka/,http://registry8211:8211/eureka/
# 修改注册服务的名字
instance:
instance-id: EmployService-8999
# 防问路径可以显示IP地址
prefer-ip-address: true
# 添加服务Info信息
info:
app.name: EmployService-8999
app.describution: 员工服务
company.name: com.com.styz
author.name: liuy
build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$
build.version: $project.version$

修改启动类com.styz.com.styz.microserivcecloud.EmployServiceApplication

添加@EnableEurekaClient注解

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.com.styz.microservicecloud.mapper")
@EnableEurekaClient
public class EmployServiceApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EmployServiceApplication.class,args);
}
}

然后可以查看注册中心是否有服务注册进去了。

消费者调用

修改microservicecloud-employconsummer中的com.styz.com.styz.com.styz.microservice.controller.EmployConsumerController

中的

// EMPLOYSERVICE为服务名称
public static final String EMPLOY_PROVIDE_URL="http://EMPLOYSERVICE/employ";

修改pom添加eureka客户端依赖

 <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>

修改启动类添加服务发现注解@EnableDiscoveryClient

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class EmployComsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EmployComsumerApplication.class,args);
}
}

修改yml文件

eureka:
client:
service-url:
#单机配置:http://localhost:8211/eureka
defaultZone: http://registry8212:8212/eureka/,http://registry8213:8213/eureka/,http://registry8211:8211/eureka/
register-with-eureka: false

此时访问消费者 就能够完成消费者 调用 服务端服务 的调用了

服务集群搭建

为了介绍下面的resttemplate+ribbon 和feign负载均衡,需要将服务作集群搭建。

基本架构是,每个服务访问自己独立的数据库,数据上构造一定的差异,这样方便我们测试负载均衡。

执行Employ-cluster.sql文件中的sql

创建三个不同的库,同样的表。然后插入不同的数据。

拷贝microservicecloud-employproviderwithregistry 三份

分别为microservicecloud-employ-provider-8911 microservicecloud-employ-provider-8912 microservicecloud-employ-provider-8913

具体修改内容见代码。

创建microservicecloud-employ-comsumer-robbin 模块

1.修改pom文件

<!-- 添加 ribbon依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>

修改启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
//指定某个服务用某种负载均衡算法
@RibbonClient(name = "EMPLOYSERVICE",configuration = MyRules.class)
public class EmployComsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EmployComsumerApplication.class,args);
}
}

com.styz.rules.MyRules

@Configuration
public class MyRules {
@Bean
@Primary
public IRule getRobbinRule(){
return new RandomRule();
}
}

新建自定义负载均衡算法

com.styz.com.styz.com.styz.microservice.robbin.CountRobbinRule

public class CountRobbinRule implements IRule {
private ILoadBalancer loadBalancer;
private AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
private AtomicInteger serverIndex = new AtomicInteger(0);
@Override
public Server choose(Object o) {
List<Server> allServers = loadBalancer.getAllServers();
while (true){
if(count.get() > 5){
if(serverIndex.incrementAndGet() > allServers.size()){
serverIndex.set(serverIndex.get()%allServers.size());
}
count.set(0);
}else {
count.incrementAndGet();
return allServers.get(serverIndex.get());
}
}
} @Override
public void setLoadBalancer(ILoadBalancer iLoadBalancer) {
loadBalancer = iLoadBalancer;
} @Override
public ILoadBalancer getLoadBalancer() {
return loadBalancer;
}
}

修改配置文件类com.styz.com.styz.com.styz.microservice.config.ConsummerConfigBean

@Configuration
public class ConsummerConfigBean {
/**
* @LoadBalanced 注解会使用robbin负载均横算法。默认是轮训,如需修改得显示声明对应的算法。
* 如果没有声明,默认就是轮训
* robbin 提供7种轮训算法,我们可以手动扩展实现负载均衡算法。
*/
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
return restTemplate;
}
}

启动注册中心,启动服务提供者集群,启动消费者,访问http://localhost:7111/consummer/getById/1 查看负载均衡情况。

引入Feign负载均衡

RestTemplate+robbin是基于微服务名称封装httpclient的方式完成的服务调用。

而Feign是在此基础上又进行了一次封装,使得消费端可以通过注解+接口的方式

用接口的方式完成服务的调用,有点类似于Dubbo中接口调用一样。只是底层实现不一样,

Dubbo是RPC,而Feign是http的Restful调用。

创建microservicecloud-employ-consummer-feign模块

修改pom文件添加Feign支持

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.com.styz.microservicecloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

2.修改microservicecloud-api 添加Feign接口com.styz.microservicecloud.service.EmployClientService


@FeignClient(value = "EMPLOYSERVICE")
public interface EmployClientService {
//注意此时的url是服务端的全路径,不是客户端哦
@RequestMapping(value = "/employ/getAllEmployes",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public List<Employ> getAllEmployes(); @RequestMapping(value = "/employ/getEmployById/{id}",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public Employ getEmployById(@PathVariable("id")long id); }

修改com.styz.com.styz.com.styz.microservice.controller.EmployConsumerController

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/comsummer")
public class EmployConsumerController {
//EmployClientService 为Feign接口
@Autowired
private EmployClientService clientService; @RequestMapping("/getById/{id}")
public Employ getEmployById(@PathVariable("id") long id){
return clientService.getEmployById(id);
}
@RequestMapping("/getAllEmployes")
public List<Employ> getAllEmployes(){
return clientService.getAllEmployes();
}
}

修改启动类com.styz.com.styz.com.styz.microservice.EmployComsumerApplication

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
//注意EnableFeignClients 一定要扫描到@FeignClient的包否则会报错
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.styz.microservicecloud.service")
public class EmployComsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EmployComsumerApplication.class,args);
}
}

此时再次访问http://localhost:7111/consummer/getById/1 查看负载均衡情况

添加熔断Hystrix支持

Hystrix是什么?请自行百度。

新建microservicecloud-employ-consummer-hystrix 模块

修改pom文件

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.com.styz.microservicecloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

修改启动类添加

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
//注意EnableFeignClients 一定要扫描到@FeignClient的包否则会报错
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.styz.microservicecloud.service")
//添加熔断机制
@EnableHystrix
@ComponentScan("com.styz")
public class EmployComsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EmployComsumerApplication.class,args);
}
}

修改controller 添加@HystrixCommand,

一般情况下熔断一般实现在服务提供端,我这里只是demo就实现在消费端了。

@HystrixCommand能捕获异常可以根据异常不同,进行不同的熔断操作。

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/comsummer")
public class EmployConsumerController {
@Autowired
private EmployClientService clientService; @RequestMapping("/getById/{id}")
@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "processEmployException")
public Employ getEmployById(@PathVariable("id") long id){
Employ employ = clientService.getEmployById(id);
if(null == employ){
throw new RuntimeException("未找到对应ID的员工!");
}
return employ;
} /**
* 这个方法可以写在服务端,也可以写在消费端,如果异常导致的最好写在服务端,如果非异常,可以实现在消费端
* 方法写在服务端叫熔断,写在消费端叫降级。
* HystrixCommand 注解能实现的熔断,但是缺点非常明显,容易导致方法膨胀:也就是每个方法都需要写一个异常方法
* 方法会非常多,不便与维护。
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
public Employ processEmployException(@PathVariable("id") long id){
Employ employ = new Employ();
employ.setId(id);
employ.setName("未找到对应ID的员工!");
return employ;
}
@RequestMapping("/getAllEmployes")
public List<Employ> getAllEmployes(){
return clientService.getAllEmployes();
}
}

@HystrixCommand 业务代码耦合严重,方法容易膨胀,所以有了Fegin熔断机制

可以在接口上面实现熔断,从而解藕

修改com.styz.microservicecloud.service.EmployClientService


/**
* 服务降级处理:
* 1.添加fallbackFactory 或者Fallback类
* 2.开启服务降级:
* feign:
* hystrix:
* enabled: true
* 注意fallbackFactory类或者Fallback类要能被扫描到。否则不会生效。
*/ @FeignClient(value = "EMPLOYSERVICE",fallbackFactory = EmployClientServiceFallbackFactory.class)
public interface EmployClientService {
//注意此时的url是服务端的全路径,不是客户端哦
@RequestMapping(value = "/employ/getAllEmployes",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public List<Employ> getAllEmployes(); @RequestMapping(value = "/employ/getEmployById/{id}",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public Employ getEmployById(@PathVariable("id")long id); }
@Component
public class EmployClientServiceFallbackFactory implements InitializingBean,FallbackFactory<EmployClientService> { @Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { } public static class EmployClientServiceFallback implements EmployClientService{ @Override
public List<Employ> getAllEmployes() {
ArrayList<Employ> employs = new ArrayList<>();
employs.add(new Employ().setName("********暂停服务*****"));
System.out.println("*************暂停服务****************");
return employs;
} @Override
public Employ getEmployById(long id) {
return new Employ(id,"该ID不存在",0L,"");
}
} @Override
public EmployClientService create(Throwable throwable) {
return new EmployClientServiceFallback();
}
}

开启Fegin降级机制

feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true

此时称之为Feign+fallback 服务降级

何谓服务降级:简单的说就是当整个系统资源不够用时,为了满足某些服务依然可用,就需要忍痛将其他服务停掉,将系统资源释放

用以支持其他服务。此时停掉的服务不能影响整个系统的使用,就需要在消费端在访问不到服务的情况下,将服务进行降级处理。

启动消费者测试一下服务的熔断和降级看看。

添加监控HystrixDashboard支持

创建microservicecloud-employ-consummer-hystrixDashboard模块

修改pom文件

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.com.styz.microservicecloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resource</directory>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
<plugins>
<!--添加actor/info信息的描述-->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<delimiters>
<delimiter>$</delimiter>
</delimiters>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

修改启动类:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
//注意EnableFeignClients 一定要扫描到@FeignClient的包否则会报错
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.styz.microservicecloud.service")
//添加熔断机制
@EnableHystrix
@ComponentScan("com.styz")
//添加服务监控 1.服务端要添加对应的包spring-boot-starter-actuator
@EnableHystrixDashboard
public class EmployComsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EmployComsumerApplication.class,args);
}
}

hystrix.stream

springboot2.0中hystrix.stream url出现404错误问题解决办法1

添加配置类com.styz.com.styz.com.styz.microservice.config.HystrixConfig

@Configuration
public class HystrixConfig {
@Bean
public HystrixMetricsStreamServlet hystrixMetricsStreamServlet(){
return new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();
} @Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean registration(HystrixMetricsStreamServlet servlet){
ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean();
registrationBean.setServlet(servlet);
//是否启用该registrationBean
registrationBean.setEnabled(true);
registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");
return registrationBean;
}
}

修改yml文件

#需要暴露的url:
#这里暴露了/actuator/hystrix.stream,/actuator/info
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include:
- hystrix.stream
- info
# 添加服务Info信息
info:
app.name: ${eureka.instance.instance-id}
app.describution: 带熔断监控器的消费者
company.name: com.com.styz
author.name: liuy
build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$
build.version: $project.version$

访问 http://localhost:7112/hystrix 页面,出现豪猪图片表示成功

访问 http://localhost:7112/hystrix/hystrix.stream 出现ping 字眼表示成功

http://localhost:7112/hystrix 这个页面如何使用,请自行百度吧。

前面使用的/hystrix.stream端点监控单个微服务。然而在使用微服务架构的应用系统一般会包含多个微服务,每个微服务通常都会部署多个实例。如果每次只能查看单个实例的监控数据,就必须在Hystrix Dashboard上切换想要监控的地址,这显然很不方便。

Turbine简介

Turbine是一个聚合Hystrix监控数据的工具,它可将所有相关/hystrix.stream端点的数据聚合到一个组合的/turbine.stream中,从而让集群的监控更加方便

使用Turbine监控多个微服务

创建microservicecloud-employ-consummer-hystrixDashborad-turbine

修改pom文件

<!--添加Turbine依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-turbine</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-netflix-turbine</artifactId>
</dependency>

修改启动类添加@EnableTurbine注解

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
//注意EnableFeignClients 一定要扫描到@FeignClient的包否则会报错
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "com.styz.microservicecloud.service")
//添加熔断机制
@EnableHystrix
@ComponentScan("com.styz")
//添加服务监控 1.服务端要添加对应的包spring-boot-starter-actuator
@EnableHystrixDashboard
@EnableTurbine
public class EmployConsummerTurbineApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EmployConsummerTurbineApplication.class,args);
}
}

添加turbine配置

turbine:
# app-config表示待监测的服务名称
app-config: EmployComsummer-HystrixDashboard,EmployComsummer-HystrixDashboard-Turbine
aggregator:
cluster-config: default
cluster-name-expression: new String("default")

turbine.appConfig :配置Eureka中的serviceId列表,表明监控哪些服务

turbine.aggregator.clusterConfig :指定聚合哪些集群,多个使用","分割,默认为default。可使用http://.../turbine.stream?cluster={clusterConfig之一}访问

turbine.clusterNameExpression :

  1. clusterNameExpression指定集群名称,默认表达式appName;此时:turbine.aggregator.clusterConfig需要配置想要监控的应用名称;
  2. 当clusterNameExpression: default时,turbine.aggregator.clusterConfig可以不写,因为默认就是default;
  3. 当clusterNameExpression: metadata['cluster']时,假设想要监控的应用配置了eureka.instance.metadata-map.cluster: ABC,则需要配置,同时turbine.aggregator.clusterConfig: ABC

测试

启动microservicecloud-employ-consummer-hystrixDashboard 和microservicecloud-employ-consummer-hystrixDashborad-turbine

访问http://localhost:7113/hystrix,监控http://localhost:7113/turbine.stream 后然后分别访问

http://localhost:7112/comsummer/getById/1 和http://localhost:7113/comsummer/getById/1

查看监控面板的变化。

添加网关Zuul支持

创建microservicecloud-gateway-zuul

修改pom文件

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

配置:

eureka:
client:
service-url:
#单机配置:http://localhost:8211/eureka
defaultZone: http://registry8212:8212/eureka/,http://registry8213:8213/eureka/,http://registry8211:8211/eureka/
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
instance:
instance-id: GateWay
prefer-ip-address: true
zuul:
ignoredServices: '*'
host:
connect-timeout-millis: 20000
socket-timeout-millis: 20000 routes:
employservice:
path: /employ/**
serviceId: employservice
stripPrefix: false
sensitiveHeaders: employcomsummer-hystrix:
path: /consummer/**
serviceId: employcomsummer-hystrix
stripPrefix: false
sensitiveHeaders: employcomsummer-hystrixdashboard:
path: /dashboard/**
serviceId: employcomsummer-hystrixdashboard
stripPrefix: false
sensitiveHeaders: baidu:
path: /baidu/**
url: http://www.baidu.com/

启动类添加

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class GatewayApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GatewayApplication.class,args);
}
}

添加配置服务Config支持

新建microservicecloud-config模块

修改pom文件

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

创建com.styz.microservicecloud.ConfigServerApplication

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigServer
public class ConfigServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConfigServerApplication.class,args);
}
}

修改配置文件

spring:
cloud:
config:
server:
native:
search-locations: classpath:/config
# 本地模式
profiles:
active: native server:
port: 8888

此配置意思是config配置服务器扫描服务所在的config目录。将config目录下

的配置文件发不成restful接口。

启动com.styz.microservicecloud.ConfigServerApplication 然后

访问http://localhost:8888/config/dev 就能访问到application-dev.yml配置。

访问http://localhost:8888/employservice/default 就能访问到employsevice配置。

修改服务提供者

修改microservicecloud-employ-provider-8911 让其加载config服务器上的配置

1.删除原来的application.yml

2.添加依赖spring-cloud-starter-config 其实原来就有。

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>

3.修改bootstrap.yml 添加如下内容

spring:
application:
name: EmployService
cloud:
config:
uri: http://config:8888
fail-fast: true

spring.cloud.config.url 配置的就是配置服务的地址。

重启服务端microservicecloud-employ-provider-8911 测试一下是否正常

采用spring.cloud.config.url 这种方式指定url的方式直接连接,有明显缺陷,

当配置服务器挂掉,无法加载远程配置。就有了将config服务器服务化,注册到

Eureka,利用服务发现的方式去找服务的地址,从而实现config地址动态变化,尽管

config服务器发生变化,服务端也无需在修改对应的url。同时config配置服务器可以做

集群注册到Eureka,从而也可避免单点故障。

配置中心config把配置放置到git仓库

之前配置放在本地了,现在将配置迁移到git仓库,好处是config服务做集群的时候可以统一从仓库拉取配置,

自己不需要维护配置文件。

创建存放配置的git目录

在microservicecloud文件夹下创建microservicecloud-config-dir目录

将配置文件放入此文件,提交github。

新建microservicecloud-config-git 模块

1.修改pom文件

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

2.新建类com.styz.microservicecloud.GItConfigServerApplication

@EnableConfigServer
public class GItConfigServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GItConfigServerApplication.class,args);
}
}

3.修改yml


spring:
application:
name: GitConfigServer
cloud:
config:
# label 表示是哪个分支
label: master
server:
git:
# git用户密码私有仓库必填
username:
password:
# uri 是git的地址
uri: https://github.com/liuyong520/microservicecloud
# search-paths 搜索git仓库哪个目录,相对地址
search-paths: microservicecloud-config-dir eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://registry8212:8212/eureka/,http://registry8213:8213/eureka/,http://registry8211:8211/eureka/
instance:
instance-id: GitConfigServer
prefer-ip-address: true server:
port: 8888

server端就此改造完了

测试一下

访问http://localhost:8888/config/dev 就能访问到application-dev.yml配置。

访问http://localhost:8888/employservice/default 就能访问到employsevice配置。

修改microservicecloud-employ-provider-8911

采用服务发现的方式连接configsever。

spring:
application:
name: EmployService
cloud:
config:
name: EmployService #指定配置文件名称
profile: default
label: master
discovery:
enabled: true
service-id: GitConfigServer #configserver服务

重启服务端看看是否正常启动。

添加链路跟踪

何谓链路跟踪?

在分布式系统中往往一次简单的请求,往往涉及到一系列的服务调用,服务A调用服务B,服务B调用服务C。这样

的服务链上如果某个服务发生故障,无法快速定外到故障点,从而无法快速定位问题。而链路

跟踪是就是跟踪整个服务之间的调用链,监控每个服务间的调用情况,以备在调用出现问题时,能快速定位问题。

zipKin 简介

Zipkin是一种分布式跟踪系统。它有助于收集解决服务体系结构中的延迟问题所需的计时数据。功能包括收集和查找此数据。

如果日志文件中有跟踪ID,则可以直接跳转到该文件。否则,您可以根据服务,操作名称,标签和持续时间等属性进行查询。将为您总结一些有趣的数据,例如在服务中花费的时间百分比,以及操作是否失败

Zipkin UI还提供了一个依赖关系图,显示了每个应用程序通过的跟踪请求数。这有助于识别聚合行为,包括错误路径或对已弃用服务的调用。

zipKin环境搭建

1.docker环境下:

docker run --name zipkin -d -p 9411:9411 openzipkin/zipkin

2.物理机

curl -sSL https://zipkin.io/quickstart.sh | bash -s
java -jar zipkin.jar

访问http://localhost:9411/ 出现zipkin UI界面

为了 演示一下链路跟踪需要搭建一个调用链环境,我这里用一个消费端和服务端来演示

修改服务提供者

1.新建microservicecloud-employ-provider-8911-sleuth

改造一下microservicecloud-employ-provider-8911

修改pom

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-sleuth</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>

修改yml文件

spring:
application:
name: EmployService
#添加链路跟踪
sleuth:
web:
client:
enabled: true
sampler:
probability: 1.0
zipkin:
base-url: http://k8s-n3:9411/

至此服务端改造完成

修改消费者

1.新建microservicecloud-employ-consummer-hystrix-sleuth模块

改造一下microservicecloud-employ-consummer-hystrix

修改pom文件

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-sleuth</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>

然后修改一下yml文件

server:
port: 7115
spring:
application:
name: EmployComsummer-Hystrix
devtools:
restart:
enabled: true
sleuth:
web:
client:
enabled: true
sampler:
probability: 1.0 #采样比例 1表示100%全部采样
zipkin:
base-url: http://k8s-n3:9411/

消费端完成

启动服务端和消费端,访问http://localhost:7115/consummer/getById/1 调用一下消费者,

然后去http://localhost:9411/zipkin/ 查看一下链路跟踪情况。

简单说一下链路跟踪的原理:针对给个服务的调用,都进行来埋点,消息的发送时刻以及消息的接收,

都会被记录,以及包括服务名称,方法名称都被埋点探针记录下来,每次调用链上有唯一的tracId,这个是

全局唯一的,然后用spanId区分是调用链上的哪个服务的哪个方法。以上数据的采集是通过httpReport方式提交的

这种方式优点是简单直接,缺点是 1.网络问题:导致数据采集丢失 2。给zipkin带上访问上的压力量大可以压蹦zipkin

所以要改造一下:用消息队列进行解藕。就有了下面的sleuth+zipkin+rabbitmq方式,当然消息队列可以换成kafka也没有问题。

链路跟踪之sleuth+zipKin+rabbitmq

rabbitMq环境搭建

我这里用的是docker环境,所以直接贴出来docker下搭建过程。

拉取官方镜像,镜像地址:https://hub.docker.com/_/rabbitmq/

拉取镜像:docker pull rabbitmq,如需要管理界面:docker pull rabbitmq:management

执行指令启动RabbitMQ

无管理界面:

docker run --localhost rabbit-host --name my_rabbit -d -p 5672:5672 rabbitmq

有管理界面:

docker run --localhost rabbit-host --name my_rabbit -d -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 rabbitmq:management

账号:guest 密码:guest

调整之前的消费者和服务者

修改pom文件

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-stream-rabbit</artifactId>
</dependency>

修改yml文件

spring
sleuth:
web:
client:
enabled: true
sampler:
probability: 1.0
zipkin:
sender:
type: rabbit
rabbitmq:
password: guest
username: guest
host: k8s-n3
port: 5672
virtual-host: /

修改zipkin服务端

docker run -d -p9411:9411 -e "RABBIT_ADDRESSES=rabbithost:5672" openzipkin/zipkin

如果你的rabbitMq用户名密码不是guest需要指定环境变量。

结果展示



详细源码参见GitHub 地址:https://github.com/liuyong520/microservicecloud

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