Student's Camp CodeForces - 708E (dp,前缀和优化)

大意: $n$行$m$列砖, 白天左侧边界每块砖有$p$概率被摧毁, 晚上右侧边界有$p$概率被摧毁, 求最后上下边界连通的概率.

记${dp}_{i,l,r}$为遍历到第$t$行时, 第$t$行砖块范围$[l,r]$的概率.

有${dp}_{i,l,r}=p_{l,r}\sum {dp}_{i-1,l',r'}$ (要满足$[l',r']$与$[l,r]$相交)

$p_{l,r}$表示$k$天后剩余砖是$[l,r]$的概率.

考虑二维前缀优化, 记$f_{i,l,r}=\sum\limits_{1\le x\le l}\sum\limits_{1\le y\le r} {dp}_{i,x,y}$, 就有

$$\begin{align} {dp}_{i,l,r} &=p_{l,r}(f_{i-1,m,r}+f_{i-1,r,m}-f_{i-1,m,l-1}-f_{i-1,r,r}) \notag\\ &=p_{l,r}(f_{i-1,r,m}-f_{i-1,l-1,l-1}) \notag\end{align}$$

最后所求答案为$f_{n,m,m}$. 但是这样复杂度是$O(nm^2)$

可以注意到$dp$的式子中所需要的$f$值非常少.

记$A_{i,x}=f_{i,x,m},B_{i,x}=f_{i,x,x}$, 有

$$dp_{i,l,r}=p_{l,r}(A_{i-1,r}-B_{i-1,l-1})$$

$$A_{i,x}=A_{i,x-1}+\sum\limits_{x\le k\le m}{dp}_{i,x,k}$$

$$B_{i,x}=B_{i,x-1}+\sum\limits_{1\le k\le x}{dp}_{i,k,x}$$

然后再进行前缀优化, 复杂度即为$O(nm)$

#include <iostream>

#include <sstream>

#include <algorithm>

#include <cstdio>

#include <math.h>

#include <set>

#include <map>

#include <queue>

#include <string>

#include <string.h>

#include <bitset>

#define REP(i,a,n) for(int i=a;i<=n;++i)

#define PER(i,a,n) for(int i=n;i>=a;--i)

#define hr putchar(10)

#define pb push_back

#define lc (o<<1)

#define rc (lc|1)

#define mid ((l+r)>>1)

#define ls lc,l,mid

#define rs rc,mid+1,r

#define x first

#define y second

#define io std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false)

#define endl '\n'

#define DB(a) ({REP(__i,1,n) cout<<a[__i]<<' ';hr;})

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;

typedef pair<int,int> pii;

const int P = 1e9+7, INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;

ll gcd(ll a,ll b) {return b?gcd(b,a%b):a;}

ll qpow(ll a,ll n) {ll r=1%P;for (a%=P;n;a=a*a%P,n>>=1)if(n&1)r=r*a%P;return r;}

ll inv(ll x){return x<=1?1:inv(P%x)*(P-P/x)%P;}

inline int rd() {int x=0;char p=getchar();while(p<'0'||p>'9')p=getchar();while(p>='0'&&p<='9')x=x*10+p-'0',p=getchar();return x;}

//head

const int N = 1e6+10, M = 2e3+10;

int n, m, a, b, k;

int fac[N],ifac[N],p[M],suf[M],pre[M];

int A[2][M],B[2][M],s1[M],s2[M];

void init() {

	fac[0]=1;

	REP(i,1,N-1) fac[i]=fac[i-1]*(ll)i%P;

	ifac[N-1]=inv(fac[N-1]);

	PER(i,0,N-2) ifac[i]=ifac[i+1]*(i+1ll)%P;

}

int C(int n, int m) {

	if (n<m) return 0;

	return (ll)fac[n]*ifac[m]%P*ifac[n-m]%P;

}

int main() {

	init();

	cin>>n>>m>>a>>b>>k;

	int x = (ll)a*inv(b)%P, y = (ll)(P+b-a)*inv(b)%P;

	REP(i,1,min(m,k+1)) p[i] = (ll)C(k,i-1)*qpow(x,i-1)%P*qpow(y,k-i+1)%P;

	REP(i,1,m) {

		suf[i] = (suf[i-1]+p[m-i+1])%P;

		pre[i] = (pre[i-1]+p[i])%P;

	}

	REP(i,1,m) A[0][i] = 1;

	int cur = 0;

	REP(i,1,n) {

		cur ^= 1;

		REP(k,1,m) s1[k]=(s1[k-1]+(ll)p[m-k+1]*A[!cur][k])%P;

		REP(k,1,m) s2[k]=(s2[k-1]-(ll)p[k]*B[!cur][k-1])%P;

		REP(x,1,m) {

			A[cur][x] = A[cur][x-1];

			int ret = (s1[m]-s1[x-1])%P;

			ret = (ret-(ll)(suf[m]-suf[x-1])*B[!cur][x-1])%P;

			A[cur][x] = (A[cur][x]+(ll)p[x]*ret)%P;

		}

		REP(x,1,m) {

			B[cur][x] = B[cur][x-1];

			int ret = (s2[x]+(ll)pre[x]*A[!cur][x])%P;

			B[cur][x] = (B[cur][x]+(ll)p[m-x+1]*ret)%P;

		}

	}

	int ans = B[cur][m];

	if (ans<0) ans += P;

	printf("%d\n", ans);

}

巴特西

Student's Camp CodeForces - 708E (dp,前缀和优化)

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