print "================ Method 1=====================\n";

open IN,'<','anna-karenina.txt';

while(<IN>){

        chomp;

        $line = $_;

        $line =~ s/[ \. , ? ! ; : ' " ( ) { }  \[ \]]/ /g; #句号，逗号等统一改为空格

        #print("$line\n");

        @words = split(/\s+/,$line);

        foreach $word (@words){

                $counts{lc($word)}++;  #将出现的单词存入hash表

        }

};

foreach $word (sort keys %counts) {

        print "$word,$counts{$word}\n";  #打印出单词出现的个数

}

close IN;

print "================ Method 2=====================\n";

open IN,'<','anna-karenina.txt';

while (my $line = <IN>)

{

        #map{$words{$_}++;} $line =~ /(\w+)/g   # 与下面的语句等效

        #print($line =~ /(\w+)/g);

        foreach ($line =~ /(\w+)/g){   # 对单词进行匹配

                #print("$_\n");

                $words{lc($_)}++;

        }

}

for (sort keys(%words))

{

    print "$_: $words{$_}\n";

}

All happy families resemble one another; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.

All was confusion in the house of Oblonskys. happy? happy: [happy] {happy} "happy" 'happy'

================ Method =====================

all,

another,

confusion,

every,

families,

family,

happy,

house,

in,

is,

its,

oblonskys,

of,

one,

own,

resemble,

the,

unhappy,

was,

way,

================ Method =====================

all:

another:

confusion:

every:

families:

family:

happy:

house:

in:

is:

its:

oblonskys:

of:

one:

own:

resemble:

the:

unhappy:

was:

way: