Django框架（二十三）-- Django rest

一、基本视图

class PublishView(APIView):

    def get(self, request):

        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()

        bs = PublishSerializers(publish_list, many=True)

        return JsonResponse(bs.data,safe=False)

    def post(self, request):

        # 添加一条数据

        print(request.data)

        bs = PublishSerializers(data=request.data)

        if bs.is_valid():

            bs.save()  # 生成记录

            return JsonResponse(bs.data,safe=False)

        else:

            return JsonResponse(bs.errors,safe=False)

class PublishDetailView(APIView):

    def get(self, request, pk):

        publish_obj = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()

        bs = PublishSerializers(publish_obj, many=False)

        return JsonResponse(bs.data,safe=False)

    def put(self, request, pk):

        publish_obj = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()

        bs = PublishSerializers(data=request.data, instance=publish_obj)

        if bs.is_valid():

            bs.save()  # update

            return JsonResponse(bs.data)

        else:

            return JsonResponse(bs.errors)

    def delete(self, request, pk):

        Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()

        return JsonResponse("")

二、自定义的封装视图

class Create:

    def create(self,request):

        bs = serializers(data=request.data)

        if bs.is_valid():

            bs.save()  # 生成记录

            return JsonResponse(bs.data,safe=False)

        else:

            return JsonResponse(bs.errors,safe=False)

class List:

    def list(self,request):

        queryset = self.queryset

        bs = self.serializers(queryset, many=True)

        return JsonResponse(bs.data,safe=False)

# 将create和 list方法抽出来，封装起来

class PublishView(APIView,List,Create):

    queryset=Publish.objects.all()

    serializers=PublishSerializers

    def get(self, request):

        return self.list(request)

    def post(self, request):

        return self.create(request)

class BookView(APIView,List,Create):

    queryset=Book.objects.all()

    serializers=BookSerializer

    def get(self, request):

        return self.list(request)

    def post(self, request):

        return self.create(request)

三、利用mixin类和generice类编写视图

1、使用

# ListModelMixin 查询所有；  CreateModelMixin：创建数据；  RetrieveModelMixin：查询一条；   UpdateModelMixin：更新数据；  DestroyModelMixin：删除数据

from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView

class PublishView(GenericAPIView,ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin):

    queryset = Publish.objects.all()

    serializer_class = PublishSerializers

    def get(self, request):

        # self.list(request)，ListModelMixin类中的函数属性

        return self.list(request)

    def post(self, request):

        return self.create(request)

class BookView(GenericAPIView,ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()

    serializer_class = BookSerializers

    def get(self, request):

        return self.list(request)

    def post(self, request):

        return self.create(request)

2、源码

（1）ListModelMixin类

class ListModelMixin(object):

    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        # 获取queryset对象，filter_queryset是利用过滤条件过滤

        queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())

        # 分页相关

        page = self.paginate_queryset(queryset)

        if page is not None:

            serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True)

            return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)

        # 获取序列化对象

        serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)

        return Response(serializer.data)

（2）self.get_queryset()与self.get_serializer()

# self.get_queryset()

# 先自身找，然后类中找，再去父类GenericAPIView中找，找到

def get_queryset(self):

    # queryset在GenericAPIView设默认值为None，因此要重新定义queryset，指定queryset对象

    queryset = self.queryset

    if isinstance(queryset, QuerySet):

        # 查询所有数据

        queryset = queryset.all()

    return queryset

# self.get_serializer()

# 先自身找，然后类中找，再去父类GenericAPIView中找，找到

def get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs):

    # get_serializer_class()返回的是serializer_class，默认值为None，所以要重新定义返回的是serializer_class

    serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class()

    kwargs['context'] = self.get_serializer_context()

    return serializer_class(*args, **kwargs)

（3）CreateModelMixin类下的create

class CreateModelMixin(object):

    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)

        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)

        self.perform_create(serializer)

        headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data)

        return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers)

    def perform_create(self, serializer):

        serializer.save()

（4）UpdateModelMixin类下的update

class UpdateModelMixin(object):

    def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        partial = kwargs.pop('partial', False)

        # get_object 返回的是一个普通对象

        instance = self.get_object()

        serializer = self.get_serializer(instance, data=request.data, partial=partial)

        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)

        self.perform_update(serializer)

        if getattr(instance, '_prefetched_objects_cache', None):

            instance._prefetched_objects_cache = {}

        return Response(serializer.data)

    def perform_update(self, serializer):

        serializer.save()

（5）DestroyModelMixin类下的destroy

class DestroyModelMixin(object):

    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        # get_object 返回的是一个普通对象

        instance = self.get_object()

        self.perform_destroy(instance)

        return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

    def perform_destroy(self, instance):

        instance.delete()

（6）RetrieveModelMixin类下的retrieve

class RetrieveModelMixin(object):

    #

    def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        # get_object 返回的是一个普通对象

        instance = self.get_object()

        serializer = self.get_serializer(instance)

        return Response(serializer.data)

四、利用generics 下的ListCreateAPIView，RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView

1、使用

from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView, ListAPIView, RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView

# 继承了ListCreateAPIView类，而ListCreateAPIView又继承了多个类，并且定义了get和post方法，因此，只需要重定义queryset和serializer_class即可

class PublishView(ListCreateAPIView):

    queryset = Publish.objects.all()

    serializer_class = PublishSerializers

class PublishDetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):

    queryset = Publish.objects.all()

    serializer_class = PublishSerializers

2、源码

# 继承了多个类，类中的方法也是调用了GenericAPIView类中的list、create函数属性

class ListCreateAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin,

                        mixins.CreateModelMixin,

                        GenericAPIView):

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

class RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,

                                   mixins.UpdateModelMixin,

                                   mixins.DestroyModelMixin,

                                   GenericAPIView):

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

五、使用ModelViewSet（不建议使用）

1、使用

# 路由层

url(r'^publish', views.PublishView.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),

url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.PublishView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update','delete':'destroy'})),

# 视图层

from rest_framework.views import  APIView

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet

from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer,BrowsableAPIRenderer

class PublishView(ModelViewSet):

    queryset = Publish.objects.all()

    serializer_class = PublishSerializers

2、源码

class ModelViewSet(mixins.CreateModelMixin,

                   mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,

                   mixins.UpdateModelMixin,

                   mixins.DestroyModelMixin,

                   mixins.ListModelMixin,

                   GenericViewSet):

    pass

class GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):

    pass

# ViewSetMixin是一个魔法类，重写了as_view方法，所以继承该类的时候，一般放前面，否则会调用APIView的as_view方法

class ViewSetMixin(object):

    """

    This is the magic.

    view = MyViewSet.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})

    """

    @classonlymethod

    def as_view(cls, actions=None, **initkwargs):

        cls.name = None

        cls.description = None

        cls.suffix = None

        cls.detail = None

        cls.basename = None

        def view(request, *args, **kwargs):

            self = cls(**initkwargs)

            # actions ---> {'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}

            self.action_map = actions

            for method, action in actions.items():

                handler = getattr(self, action)

                # 将list方法的地址赋给get，create方法的地址赋给post

                # 将list绑定给GET，create绑定给POST

                setattr(self, method, handler)

            if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'):

                self.head = self.get

            self.request = request

            self.args = args

            self.kwargs = kwargs

            # And continue as usual

            return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

        # take name and docstring from class

        update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())

        update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())

        view.cls = cls

        view.initkwargs = initkwargs

        view.actions = actions

        return csrf_exempt(view)

六、强调：ViewSetMixin魔法类

ViewSetMixin类重写了as_view方法，因此为了调用它的as_view方法，在继承的时候，要写在APIView前面

class TestAll(ViewSetMixin,APIView):

    pass

ViewSetMixin 类可以实现全部视图函数写在一个类中

# 路由层

[

    url(r'^test1/$', views.TestAll.as_view({'get': 'test'})),  # 将test视图函数赋给get

    url(r'^test2/$', views.TestAll.as_view({'get': 'test2'})),

    url(r'^test3/$', views.TestAll.as_view({'get': 'test3'}))

]

# 视图层

class TestAll(ViewSetMixin,APIView):

    def test(self,request):

        return HttpResponse('test')

    def test2(self, request):

        return HttpResponse('test2')

    def test3(self, request):

        return HttpResponse('test3')

巴特西

Django框架（二十三）-- Django rest_framework-视图组件

一、基本视图

二、自定义的封装视图

三、利用mixin类和generice类编写视图

1、使用

2、源码

（1）ListModelMixin类

（2）self.get_queryset()与self.get_serializer()

（3）CreateModelMixin类下的create

（4）UpdateModelMixin类下的update

（5）DestroyModelMixin类下的destroy

（6）RetrieveModelMixin类下的retrieve

四、利用generics 下的ListCreateAPIView，RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView

1、使用

2、源码

五、使用ModelViewSet（不建议使用）

1、使用

2、源码

六、强调：ViewSetMixin魔法类

最新文章

热门文章