注意：容易出现403错误，实际爬取时不会出现。

response - a Response object containing the last fetched page

>>>response.xpath('//title/text()').extract()

 return a list of selectors

>>>for index, link in enumerate(links):

... args = (index, link.xpath('@href').extract(), link.xpath('img/@src').extract()) ... print 'Link number %d points to url %s and image %s' % args

Link number 0 points to url [u'image1.html'] and image [u'image1_thumb.jpg'] Link number 1 points to url [u'image2.html'] and image [u'image2_thumb.jpg'] Link number 2 points to url [u'image3.html'] and image [u'image3_thumb.jpg'] Link number 3 points to url [u'image4.html'] and image [u'image4_thumb.jpg'] Link number 4 points to url [u'image5.html'] and image [u'image5_thumb.jpg']

enumerate() 函数一般用在 for 循环当中。

>>> seq = ['one', 'two', 'three'] >>> for element in seq: ... print i, seq[i] ... i +=1 ... 0 one 1 two 2 three

one 1 two 2 three

suppose you want to extract all <p> elements inside <div> elements. First, you would get all <div> elements:

>>> divs = response.xpath('//div')

note the dot prefixing the .//p XPath):

>>> for p in divs.xpath('.//p'): # extracts all <p> inside ... print p.extract()

Another common case would be to extract all direct <p> children:

>>> for p in divs.xpath('p'): ... print p.extract()

在程序中使用shell

from scrapy.shell import inspect_response inspect_response(response, self)

Ctrl-D (or Ctrl-Z in Windows) to exit the shell and resume the crawling:

xpath最外层最好用单引号！

shell 本地html，方便 调试（但别取名为index.html）

scrapy shell ./path/to/file.html ,即使在本目录，也必须要加./，不能直接 shell file.html scrapy shell ../other/path/to/file.html scrapy shell /absolute/path/to/file.html