项目01-nginx模块

1、nginx介绍

nginx是一款高性能web服务器和反向代理服务器，在互联网项目中使用非常频繁，尤其其出色的性能以及轻量级进程占用，已经超过了apache的httpd服务器的使用量。内部可以配置零拷贝实现快速文件传输。

2、openresty

openresty是将nginx现有一些重要插件做了集成，省去安装nginx之后还需要在安装插件的繁琐步骤，内置luajit插件，能解决接受post提交请求、json消息体解析等功能。

3、安装openresty

3.1 windows下安装

下载软件包D:\downloads\openresty-1.13.6.1-win32.zip，解压即可。

3.2 linux下安装

  1. 添加openresty yum源

    创建/etc/yum.repos.d/openresty.repo文件，内容如下：

    [openresty]
    
name=Official OpenResty Open Source Repository for CentOS
    
baseurl=https://openresty.org/package/centos/$releasever/$basearch
    
skip_if_unavailable=False
    
gpgcheck=1
    
repo_gpgcheck=1
    
gpgkey=https://openresty.org/package/pubkey.gpg
    
enabled=1
    
enabled_metadata=1

  2. 清空yum缓存并重建缓存

    #切换到root账户下操作
    
$>su root
    
$>yum clean all
    
$>yum makecache

  3. 通过yum进行安装

    #搜索openresty软件包
    
$>sudo yum cache search openresty
    
$>sudo yum install openresty

    ​

4、配置反向代理服务器

配置文件为openresty-1.13.6.1-win32\conf\nginx.conf



#user  nobody;

worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;

#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;

#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {

    worker_connections  1024;

}

http {

    include       mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

#    log_format  main  escape=json '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

#                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

#                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'

#                      '"$request_body"'

#                      '"$http_client_time"';

    log_format  main  escape=json $remote_addr#$http_client_time#$time_local#$status#$request_body;

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;

    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

	##############################################################

	########         该部分为反向代理                ###############

	##############################################################

	upstream servers{

		server s101:80 weight=1;

		server s102:80 weight=1;

	}

	map $http_x_forwarded_for  $clientRealIp {

		~^(?P<firstAddr>[0-9\.]+),?.*$    $firstAddr;

	}

    server {

        listen       80;

        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

		#

		underscores_in_headers on;

        location / {

            #root   html;

            #index  index.html index.htm;

			error_page 405 =200 $1;

			lua_need_request_body on;

			content_by_lua 'local s = ngx.var.request_body';

			proxy_pass http://servers;

			proxy_set_header Host $host;

			proxy_set_header remove_user_ip $remote_addr;

			proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

        #

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;

        location = /50x.html {

            root   html;

        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80

        #

        #location ~ \.php$ {

        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;

        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

        #

        #location ~ \.php$ {

        #    root           html;

        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;

        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;

        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

        #    include        fastcgi_params;

        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

        # concurs with nginx's one

        #

        #location ~ /\.ht {

        #    deny  all;

        #}

    }

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration

    #

    #server {

    #    listen       8000;

    #    listen       somename:8080;

    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {

    #        root   html;

    #        index  index.html index.htm;

    #    }

    #}

    # HTTPS server

    #

    #server {

    #    listen       443 ssl;

    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;

    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;

    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;

    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {

    #        root   html;

    #        index  index.html index.htm;

    #    }

    #}

}

5、配置centos上的nginx web服务器

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

#user  nobody;

worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;

#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;

#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {

        worker_connections  1024;

}

http {

        include       mime.types;

        default_type  application/octet-stream;

        log_format  main  escape=json $msec#$time_local#$clientRealIp#$http_client_time#$status#$request_body;

        access_log  logs/access.log  main;

        sendfile        on;

        #tcp_nopush     on;

        #keepalive_timeout  0;

        keepalive_timeout  65;

        #gzip  on;

        map $http_x_forwarded_for  $clientRealIp {

                ~^(?P<firstAddr>[0-9\.]+),?.*$    $firstAddr;

        }

        server {

                listen       8888;

                server_name  localhost;

                #charset koi8-r;

                #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

                underscores_in_headers on;

                location / {

                        root   html;

                        index  index.html index.htm;

                        error_page 405 =200 $1;

                        lua_need_request_body on;

                        content_by_lua 'local s = ngx.var.request_body';

                }

                #error_page  404              /404.html;

                # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

                #

                error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;

                location = /50x.html {

                        root   html;

                }

                # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80

                #

                #location ~ \.php$ {

                #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;

                #}

        }

}

6、nginx管理命令

6.1 启动openresty

$>su root				#切换到root账户

$>openresty				#启动命令

6.2 停止命令

$>su root

$>openresty -s stop		#停止命令

6.3 重新加载配置文件

$>su root

$>openresty -s reload	#重新加载

6.4 检查配置文件正确性

$>su root

$>openresty -t			#检查文件

6.5 查看帮助

#查看帮助

$>sudo openresty -h

Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]

Options:

  -?,-h         : this help

  -v            : show version and exit

  -V            : show version and configure options then exit

  -t            : test configuration and exit

  -T            : test configuration, dump it and exit

  -q            : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing

  -s signal     : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload

  -p prefix     : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/openresty/nginx/)

  -c filename   : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)

  -g directives : set global directives out of configuration file

$>sudo openresty -s reload | stop | quit |reopen

$>sudo openresty -t

7、注意事项

7.1 关闭centos的防火墙与开启自启

$>sudo service firewalld status		#查看防火墙

$>sudo service firewalld start		#启动防火墙

$>sudo service firewalld stop		#停止后防火墙

$>sudo chkconfig firewalld off		#关闭开机自启

$>sudo chkconfig firewalld on		#启动开机自启

$>sudo chkconfig					#查看开机自启项列表

7.2 不要使用浏览器访问nginx

我们配置的nginx服务器接受post方式访问，浏览器是get方式，因此无法访问nginx服务器，可以在chrome中安装poster插件实现发送post请求。

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