django+xadmin+echarts实现数据可视化
使用xadmin后功能比较强大,在后台展示统计图表,这个需求真的有点烫手,最终实现效果如下图:
xadmin后台与echarts完全融合遇到以下问题:
1.没有现成的数据model
2.获得指定时间段的数据
3.添加自定义菜单
4.图表不能在当前页展示(后台点击每个model都是内嵌在当前页)
5.echarts动态展示数据
下面解决第一个问题:
目前现状是得从一个千万级的大表里提取近12个月,近30天,近24小时3个时间维度的数据,同事建议使用中间表,于是乎建了3个。
model如下:
# 定义发送短信按小时统计模型类
class Count24(models.Model):
alia_day_time = models.CharField(
max_length=20,
verbose_name='年月'
)
total_nums = models.IntegerField(
default=0,
verbose_name='发送总数'
)
error_nums = models.IntegerField(
default=0,
verbose_name='失败总数'
) class Meta:
verbose_name = verbose_name_plural = '短信发送按小时统计' def __str__(self):
return '{0}: {1} {2}'.format(self.alia_day_time, self.total_nums,self.error_nums) # 定义机构发送短信统计模型类
class OrganizationCount(models.Model):
alia_month_time = models.CharField(
max_length=20,
verbose_name='年月'
)
alia_date_time = models.CharField(
max_length=20,
verbose_name='年月日'
)
total_nums = models.IntegerField(
default=0,
verbose_name='发送总数'
)
error_nums = models.IntegerField(
default=0,
verbose_name='失败总数'
)
name = models.CharField(
max_length=50,
verbose_name='机构',
) class Meta:
verbose_name = verbose_name_plural = '机构发送短信统计' def __str__(self):
return '{0}: {1} {2} {3} {4} {5}'.format(self.id, self.alia_month_time,self.alia_date_time,self.total_nums, self.error_nums, self.name) # 定义通道发送短信统计模型类
class ChannelCount(models.Model):
alia_month_time = models.CharField(
max_length=20,
verbose_name='年月'
)
alia_date_time = models.CharField(
max_length=20,
verbose_name='年月日'
)
total_nums = models.IntegerField(
default=0,
verbose_name='发送总数'
)
error_nums = models.IntegerField(
default=0,
verbose_name='失败总数'
)
name = models.CharField(
max_length=50,
verbose_name='通道',
) class Meta:
verbose_name = verbose_name_plural = '通道发送短信统计' def __str__(self):
return '{0}: {1} {2} {3} {4} {5}'.format(self.id, self.alia_month_time,self.alia_date_time, self.total_nums, self.error_nums, self.name)
sql查询如下(当然这样sql我是憋不出来的。。。):
# 查询得到新表数据
SELECT req_time, alia_time, count(*) as total_nums, count(t.`status`=2 or null) as error_nums, name FROM
(select *, DATE_FORMAT(req_time,'%Y-%m') as alia_time, LEFT(body,LOCATE('】',body)) as name from sms_smslog
where LOCATE('】',body) >0
and LEFT(body,1)='【' ) as t GROUP BY alia_time , name; # 插入新表【机构】
INSERT into sms_organizationcount (alia_month_time, alia_date_time, total_nums, error_nums, `name`)
SELECT alia_month_time, alia_date_time, count(*) as total_nums, count(t.`status`=2 or null) as error_nums, name FROM (select *, DATE_FORMAT(req_time,'%Y-%m') as alia_month_time, DATE_FORMAT(req_time,'%Y-%m-%d') as alia_date_time,
LEFT(body,LOCATE('】',body)) as name from sms_smslog
where LOCATE('】',body) >0
and LEFT(body,1)='【' ) as t GROUP BY alia_date_time , name; # 插入新表【通道】
INSERT into sms_channelcount (alia_month_time, alia_date_time, total_nums, error_nums, `name`)
SELECT alia_month_time, alia_date_time, count(*) as total_nums, count(t.`status`=2 or null) as error_nums, name FROM (select *, DATE_FORMAT(req_time,'%Y-%m') as alia_month_time, DATE_FORMAT(req_time,'%Y-%m-%d') as alia_date_time, channel as name from sms_smslog ) as t GROUP BY alia_date_time , channel; # 插入新表【24小时】
INSERT into sms_count24 (alia_day_time, total_nums, error_nums)
SELECT alia_day_time, count(*) as total_nums, count(t.`status`=2 or null) as error_nums FROM (select *, DATE_FORMAT(req_time,'%Y-%m-%d %H') as alia_day_time from sms_smslog) as t GROUP BY alia_day_time;
这样数据雏形就出来了,数据肯定不能这样插入,dba也不会答应的,下一篇会详细解决这个问题。
下面解决第二个问题:
近12个月,近30天,近24小时,显然都是动态的。下面几个方法值得收藏下:
import time
from datetime import datetime, date, timedelta # 生成近期多少天的日期
def gen_dates(end_date, days):
day = timedelta(days=1)
for i in range(days):
yield (end_date - day * i) # 生成近期多少小时
def gen_hour(end_date, hours):
hour = timedelta(hours=1)
for i in range(hours):
yield (end_date - hour * i).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H') # 解决datetime类型不能序列化问题
class CJsonEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
def default(self, obj):
if isinstance(obj, datetime):
return obj.strftime('%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S')
elif isinstance(obj, date):
return obj.strftime('%Y/%m/%d')
else:
return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj) # 生成近期12个月
def gen_months():
now = datetime.now()
today_year = now.year
last_year = int(now.year) - 1
today_year_months = range(1, now.month + 1)
last_year_months = range(now.month + 1, 13)
data_list_lasts = []
for last_year_month in last_year_months:
date_list = '%s-%s' % (last_year, last_year_month)
data_list_lasts.append(date_list)
data_list_todays = []
for today_year_month in today_year_months:
data_list = '%s-%s' % (today_year, today_year_month)
data_list_todays.append(data_list)
data_year_month = data_list_lasts + data_list_todays
# data_year_month.reverse()
return data_year_month
循环得到的时间list,拼接sql就可以查询到所需要的数据了。
下面解决第三个问题:
使用django来展示数据,主线一般是写视图,配路由,模板渲染。
a.写视图,获取数据逻辑上面写的差不多了,最终得返回echarts什么格式的数据
def msgsend_recent_30days_failed(request):
# 获取近30天短信失败量
con = Cache_data_to_redis().connection
cursor = con.cursor()
date_li, mon_li, data = [], [], {}
end_date = datetime.now().date()
# 获取近30天
for i in gen_dates(end_date, 30):
date_li.append(i)
date_li = date_li[::-1]
data['date_li'] = json.dumps(date_li, cls=CJsonEncoder)
for i in date_li:
sql = "SELECT error_nums as error from sms_organizationcount where alia_date_time='{alia_date_time}';".format(alia_date_time=i)
cursor.execute(sql)
num = cursor.fetchone()
if num == None:
num = {}
num['error'] = 0
mon_li.append(num['error'])
data['mon'] = mon_li
return render(request, 'data_analysis/msgsend_recent_30days_failed.html', context=data) #得到的数据如下:
{
'date_li': '["2018/07/15", "2018/07/16", "2018/07/17", "2018/07/18", "2018/07/19", "2018/07/20", "2018/07/21", "2018/07/22", "2018/07/23", "2018/07/24", "2018/07/25", "2018/07/26", "2018/07/27", "2018/07/28", "2018/07/29", "2018/07/30", "2018/07/31", "2018/08/01", "2018/08/02", "2018/08/03", "2018/08/04", "2018/08/05", "2018/08/06", "2018/08/07", "2018/08/08", "2018/08/09", "2018/08/10", "2018/08/11", "2018/08/12", "2018/08/13"]',
'mon': [0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
}
b.配路由,首先在xadmin后台添加自定义菜单
# app下的urls.py添加路由
url(r'^data_analysis/msgsend_recent_30days_failed/$', views.msgsend_recent_30days_failed, name='msgsend_recent_30days_failed'), # adminx里面添加自定义菜单和url
class GlobalSetting(object):
site_title = "短信后台管理系统"
site_footer = "http://smsweb.corp.ncfgroup.com/xadmin"
menu_style = "accordion" # 菜单
def get_site_menu(self):
return [
{
'title': '近期数据统计和分析',
'perm': self.get_model_perm(SMSLog, 'view'),
'icon': 'fa fa-bar-chart-o',
'menus': (
{
'title': '短信整体情况',
# 写死的url进行替换
'url': self.get_model_url(SMSLog,'changelist').replace('xadmin/sms/smslog/','sms/data_analysis/msgsend_recent_24hours/'),
# 'url': 'http://10.17.20.86:8004/sms/data_analysis/msgsend_recent_24hours/',
'perm': self.get_model_perm(SMSLog, 'view'),
'icon': 'fa fa-smile-o'
},
)
}
] xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlobalSetting)
下面解决第四个问题:
这个问题重新描述下:点数据统计图表的时候会在当前页展示出来,要是想回到主页需要点后退,这样操作就很不舒服了。找到xadmin源码里对应菜单处,添加上a标签就可以解决这个比较尴尬的问题。
xadmin/templates/xadmin/includes/sitemenu_accordion.html最后一行上面加上:
<script>
var anchors = document.getElementById("nav-panel-1").getElementsByTagName("a");
for(i=0;i<anchors.length;i++){
var anchor_item = anchors[i];
anchor_item.setAttribute("target","_blank");
}
</script>
下面解决最后一个问题:
使用echarms模板需要改动以下地方,
(1)使用sublink时,自动获取服务器host;
(2)x轴上的坐标原点可能不是紧挨着y轴,错位了一点,xAxis下面加上boundaryGap : false,
(3)title改成自己的
(4)x轴与y轴数据对应见下面完整代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>近30天通道短信情况</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- 为ECharts准备一个具备大小(宽高)的Dom -->
<div id="lineMain" style="height:400px"></div>
<!-- ECharts单文件引入 -->
<script src="http://echarts.baidu.com/build/dist/echarts.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var target = {{ target|safe }}
// 路径配置
require.config({
paths: {
echarts: 'http://echarts.baidu.com/build/dist'
}
});
// 使用
require(
[
'echarts',
'echarts/chart/bar',
'echarts/chart/line'
],
drawEcharts
); function drawEcharts(ec){
drawLine(ec);
} function drawLine(ec){
var myLineChart = ec.init(document.getElementById('lineMain'));
var date_li = {{ date_li|safe }}
var num = {{ num|safe }}
var sub = window.location.href.match('(.*)/(.*)/')[1];
var sublink = sub + '/msgsend_recent_12months_channel/';
// 动态push数据到series
var series = [];
for (var k = 0; k< target.length;k++){
var item = {
name:target[k],
type:'line',
data:num[k],
};
series.push(item);
};
var option2 = {
title : {
text: '近30天渠道短信情况',
subtext: '近12个月渠道短信情况',
sublink: sublink,
},
tooltip : {
trigger: 'axis'
},
grid:{
y2: 80
},
legend: {
orient: 'horizontal',
y: 'bottom',
data:target,
},
toolbox: {
show : true,
feature : {
mark : {show: true},
dataView : {show: true, readOnly: false},
magicType : {show: true, type: ['line', 'bar']},
restore : {show: true},
saveAsImage : {show: true}
}
},
calculable : true,
xAxis : [
{
type : 'category',
boundaryGap : false,
data : date_li
}
],
yAxis : [
{
type : 'value',
}
],
series : series,
};
myLineChart.setOption(option2,true);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
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