python接口自动化测试(四)-Cookie&Sessinon

　　掌握了前面几节的的内容，就可以做一些简单的http协议接口的请求发送了，但是这些还不够。HTTP协议是一个无状态的应用层协议，也就是说前后两次请求是没有任何关系的，那如果我们测试的接口之前有相互依赖关系怎么办呢（比如我要在博客园发文章，是需要先登录的），这时我们就要用到cookie和session技术来保持客户端与服务器端连接的状态，这也就是本节要介绍的内容：

一、Cookie:

1、获取cookie:

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

#获取cookie

import requests

import json

url = "https://www.baidu.com/"

r = requests.get(url)

#将RequestsCookieJar转换成字典

c = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(r.cookies)

print r.cookies

print c

for a in r.cookies:

    print a.name,a.value

输出：

<RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie BDORZ=27315 for .baidu.com/>]>

{'BDORZ': ''}

BDORZ 27315

二、发送cookie:

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

#发送cookie到服务器

import requests

import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"

endpoint = "cookies"


url = ''.join([host,endpoint])

#方法一：简单发送

# cookies = {"aaa":"bbb"}

# r = requests.get(url,cookies=cookies)

# print r.text

#方法二：复杂发送

s = requests.session()

c = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()

c.set('c-name','c-value',path='/xxx/uuu',domain='.test.com')

s.cookies.update(c)

二、Session

1、保持会话同步：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import requests

import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"

endpoint = "cookies"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])

url1 = "http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/sessioncookie/123456789"

r = requests.get(url)

print r.text

print "------"

s = requests.session()    #初始化一个session对象

s.get(url1)               #cookie的信息存在了session中

r = s.get(url)

print r.text

输出：

{

  "cookies": {}

}

------

{

  "cookies": {

    "sessioncookie": ""

  }

}

2、保存会话信息：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import requests

import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"

endpoint = "headers"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])

header1 = {"testA":"AAA"}

header2 = {"testB":"BBB"}

s = requests.session()    #初始化一个session对象

s.headers.update(header1)   #已经存在于服务中的信息

r = s.get(url,headers=header2) #发送新的信息

print r.text

输出：

{

  "headers": {

    "Accept": "*/*",

    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",

    "Connection": "close",

    "Host": "httpbin.org",

    "Testa": "AAA",

    "Testb": "BBB",

    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"

  }

}

3、删除已存在的会话信息，保存为None

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import requests

import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"

endpoint = "headers"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])

header1 = {"testA":"AAA"}

header2 = {"testB":"BBB"}

s = requests.session()    #初始化一个session对象

s.headers.update(header1)   #已经存在于服务中的信息

r = s.get(url,headers=header2) #发送新的信息

print r.text

print '--------'

s.headers['testA'] = None   #删除会话里的信息testA

r1 = s.get(url,headers = header2)

print r1.text

{

  "headers": {

    "Accept": "*/*",

    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",

    "Connection": "close",

    "Host": "httpbin.org",

    "Testa": "AAA",

    "Testb": "BBB",

    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"

  }

}

--------

{

  "headers": {

    "Accept": "*/*",

    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",

    "Connection": "close",

    "Host": "httpbin.org",

    "Testb": "BBB",

    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"

  }

}

4、提供默认数据：

s = requests.Session()

s.auth = ('user', 'pass')

s.headers.update({'x-test': 'true'})

# both 'x-test' and 'x-test2' are sent

s.get('http://httpbin.org/headers', headers={'x-test2': 'true'})

参考：

http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/user/quickstart/#cookies

http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/user/advanced/#session-objects

巴特西

python接口自动化测试(四)-Cookie&Sessinon

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