1 '''

  2 使用matplotlib创建图表，并显示在tk窗口

  3 '''

  4 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

  5 from matplotlib.pylab import mpl

  6 from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk

  7 import tkinter as tk

  8 import numpy as np

  9 import time,sys

 10 import threading

 11

 12 mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 中文显示

 13 mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 负号显示

 14

 15 global win

 16 global tempGraphLabel, tempData, runFlag

 17 runFlag = True

 18 tempData = []

 19

 20 '''

 21 图表类，定义时参数root为父控件

 22 '''

 23 class tempGraph():

 24     def __init__(self, root):

 25         self.root = root  # 主窗体

 26         self.canvas = tk.Canvas()  # 创建一块显示图形的画布

 27         self.figure = self.create_matplotlib()  # 返回matplotlib所画图形的figure对象

 28         self.showGraphIn(self.figure)  # 将figure显示在tkinter窗体上面

 29

 30     '''生成fig'''

 31     def create_matplotlib(self):

 32         # 创建绘图对象f

 33         f = plt.figure(num=2, figsize=(16, 8), dpi=100, edgecolor='green', frameon=True)

 34         # 创建一副子图

 35         self.fig11 = plt.subplot(1, 1, 1)

 36         self.line11, = self.fig11.plot([], [])

 37

 38         def setLabel(fig, title, titleColor="red"):

 39             fig.set_title(title+"温度曲线", color=titleColor)  # 设置标题

 40             fig.set_xlabel('时间[s]')  # 设置x轴标签

 41             fig.set_ylabel("温度[℃]") # 设置y轴标签

 42         setLabel(self.fig11, "设备1")

 43         # fig1.set_yticks([-1, -1 / 2, 0, 1 / 2, 1])  # 设置坐标轴刻度

 44         f.tight_layout() # 自动紧凑布局

 45         return f

 46

 47     '''把fig显示到tkinter'''

 48     def showGraphIn(self, figure):

 49         # 把绘制的图形显示到tkinter窗口上

 50         self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(figure, self.root)

 51         self.canvas.draw()  # 以前的版本使用show()方法，matplotlib 2.2之后不再推荐show（）用draw代替，但是用show不会报错，会显示警告

 52         self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP) #, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1

 53

 54         # 把matplotlib绘制图形的导航工具栏显示到tkinter窗口上

 55         toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas,

 56                                        self.root)  # matplotlib 2.2版本之后推荐使用NavigationToolbar2Tk，若使用NavigationToolbar2TkAgg会警告

 57         toolbar.update()

 58         self.canvas._tkcanvas.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)

 59

 60     '''更新fig'''

 61     def updateMeltGraph(self, meltData):

 62         x = [i for i in range(len(meltData))]

 63         self.line11.set_xdata(x) # x轴也必须更新

 64         self.line11.set_ydata(meltData)  # 更新y轴数据

 65         #  更新x数据，但未更新绘图范围。当我把新数据放在绘图上时，它完全超出了范围。解决办法是增加：

 66         self.fig11.relim()

 67         self.fig11.autoscale_view()

 68         plt.draw()

 69         # self.canvas.draw_idle()

 70 '''

 71 更新数据，在次线程中运行

 72 '''

 73 def updataData():

 74     global tempData,runFlag

 75     while runFlag:

 76         tempData.append(5)

 77         time.sleep(1)

 78 '''

 79 更新窗口

 80 '''

 81 def updateWindow():

 82     global win

 83     global tempGraphLabel, tempData, runFlag

 84     if runFlag:

 85         tempGraphLabel.updateMeltGraph(tempData)

 86     win.after(1000, updateWindow)  # 1000ms更新画布

 87 '''

 88 关闭窗口触发函数，关闭S7连接，置位flag

 89 '''

 90 def closeWindow():

 91     global runFlag

 92     runFlag = False

 93     sys.exit()

 94 '''

 95 创建控件

 96 '''

 97 def createGUI():

 98     global win

 99     win = tk.Tk()

100     displayWidth = win.winfo_screenwidth()  # 获取屏幕宽度

101     displayHeight = win.winfo_screenheight()

102     winWidth, winHeight = displayWidth, displayHeight - 70

103     winX, winY = -8, 0

104     # winX, winY = int((displayWidth - winWidth) /

105     #                  2), int((displayHeight - winHeight - 70) / 2)

106     win.title("窗口标题")

107     win.geometry(

108         '%dx%d-%d+%d' %

109         (winWidth,

110          winHeight,

111          winX, winY))  # %dx%d宽度x 高度+横向偏移量(距左边)+纵向偏移量(距上边)

112     # win.resizable(0, 0) # 不使能最大化

113     win.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", closeWindow)

114     # win.iconbitmap(r'resource/images/motor.ico')  # 窗口图标

115

116     graphFrame = tk.Frame(win) # 创建图表控件

117     graphFrame.place(x=0, y=0)

118     global tempGraphLabel

119     tempGraphLabel = tempGraph(graphFrame)

120

121     recv_data = threading.Thread(target=updataData)  # 开启线程

122     recv_data.start()

123

124     updateWindow()  # 更新画布

125     win.mainloop()

126

127 if __name__ == '__main__':

128     createGUI()