Balanced Lineup

Time Limit: 5000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 43893		Accepted: 20585
Case Time Limit: 2000MS

For the daily milking, Farmer John's N cows (1 ≤ N ≤ 50,000) always line up in the same order. One day Farmer John decides to organize a game of Ultimate Frisbee with some of the cows. To keep things simple, he will take a contiguous range of cows from the milking lineup to play the game. However, for all the cows to have fun they should not differ too much in height.

Farmer John has made a list of Q (1 ≤ Q ≤ 200,000) potential groups of cows and their heights (1 ≤ height ≤ 1,000,000). For each group, he wants your help to determine the difference in height between the shortest and the tallest cow in the group.

Line 1: Two space-separated integers, N and Q. 
Lines 2..N+1: Line i+1 contains a single integer that is the height of cow i 
Lines N+2..N+Q+1: Two integers A and B (1 ≤ A ≤ B ≤ N), representing the range of cows from A to B inclusive.

Lines 1..Q: Each line contains a single integer that is a response to a reply and indicates the difference in height between the tallest and shortest cow in the range.

6 3

1

7

3

4

2

5

1 5

4 6

2 2

6

3

0

#include<iostream>

#include<cstdio>

#include<cstring>

#define N 50101

#define K 17

using namespace std;

int hige[N],n,q,l,r;

int min_rmq[N][K+1];

int max_rmq[N][K+1];

int ff[(1<<K)+1];

void input()//读入数据

{

    scanf("%d%d",&n,&q);

    for(int i=1;i<=n;++i)

    scanf("%d",&hige[i]);

}

void pre_chuli()

{

    for(int i=1;i<=n;++i)//初始化长度为2^0的情况

    {

        min_rmq[i][0]=hige[i];

        max_rmq[i][0]=hige[i];

    }

    for(int j=1;j<=K;++j)

      for(int i=1;i+(1<<j)-1<=n;++i)//处理min_rmq[][]和max_rmq[][],第一个中括号放开始点的位置，第二个中括号放区间的长度

      {

          min_rmq[i][j]=min(min_rmq[i][j-1],min_rmq[i+(1<<j-1)][j-1]);

          max_rmq[i][j]=max(max_rmq[i][j-1],max_rmq[i+(1<<j-1)][j-1]);

      }

    memset(ff,-1,sizeof(ff));

    ff[0]=0;

    for(int i=0;i<=K;++i)

    ff[1<<i]=i;

    for(int i=1;i<=(1<<K);++i)//处理当长度为i时，最大的2^t

    if(ff[i]==-1)

    ff[i]=ff[i-1];

}

int max_query(int l,int r)//区间最大值

{

    int t=ff[r-l+1];//取长度范围内的最大的2^t

    return max(max_rmq[l][t],max_rmq[r-(1<<t)+1][t]);

}

int min_query(int l,int r)//区间最小值

{

    int t=ff[r-l+1];//取长度范围内的最大的2^t

    return min(min_rmq[l][t],min_rmq[r-(1<<t)+1][t]);

}

int main()

{

    input();

    pre_chuli();

    for(int i=1;i<=q;++i)

    {

        scanf("%d%d",&l,&r);

        printf("%d\n",max_query(l,r)-min_query(l,r));

    }

    return 0;

}