c# winform读取及发送串口信号
2024-10-19 04:33:52
通过串口读写数据，非常简单，只需要将控制拉到窗口位置即可，就可以在窗口的下方查看到串口控件的图标，点击图标，按下F4即可查看该串品的详细属性
也可以通过在代码中创建一个串口类，并在代码中直接操作串口收发数据
其中包括比较基础的端口名称、波特率、数据位、停止位、检验位等五个参数
也有只需要指定端口名称即可，其他参数保持默认
知识点：向串口发送数据并获取数据
只需要将serialPort加入至窗口中，并且指定其中的端口名及波特率，指定串口数据回应事件即可（DataReceived事件） 然后在窗口加载事件中，将serialPort打开即可 ，直接使用serialPort.writeLine方法即可将数据发送至端口 ，已为serialPort指定了数据回应事件，当有数据从串口中返回，事件即会响应
示例项目
系统启动三个后台线程，
一个线程对应到更新当前时间
一个线程定时发送AA1086至串口7，并从串口7获得返回的数据
一个线程定时获取串口1的数据（修改为不需要后台线程）
示例代码
两个基础类，线程及定时，存放在Common文件夹中
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Threading; namespace MES_MonitoringClient.Common
{
/// <summary>
/// 多线程任务
/// </summary>
public class ThreadHandler
{
//
Thread _TThread = null; //默认后台运行
private const bool default_isBackground = true; //默认不自动运行
private const bool default_autoRun = false; public ThreadHandler(System.Threading.ThreadStart startFunction) : this(startFunction, default_isBackground, default_autoRun)
{ } public ThreadHandler(System.Threading.ThreadStart startFunction, bool isBackground) : this(startFunction, isBackground, default_autoRun)
{ } /// <summary>
/// 创建线程
/// </summary>
/// <param name="startFunction">运行方法</param>
/// <param name="isBackground">是否后台运行</param>
/// <param name="autoRun">是否自动运行</param>
public ThreadHandler(System.Threading.ThreadStart startFunction, bool isBackground, bool autoRun)
{
_TThread = new Thread(startFunction); //是否后台运行
_TThread.IsBackground = isBackground; //自动运行线程
if (autoRun)
{
_TThread.Start();
}
} /// <summary>
/// 开始线程
/// </summary>
public void ThreadStart()
{
_TThread.Start();
} /// <summary>
/// 查看线程执行状态
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool ThreadIsAlive()
{
return _TThread.IsAlive;
} /// <summary>
/// 查看线程
/// 前后台执行
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public string ThreadState()
{
return _TThread.ThreadState.ToString();
} /// <summary>
/// 当前线程唯一托管标识符
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public int ThreadManagedThreadId()
{
return _TThread.ManagedThreadId;
} /// <summary>
/// 等待线程结束
/// </summary>
public void ThreadJoin()
{
_TThread.Join();
}
}
}
ThreadHandler
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace MES_MonitoringClient.Common
{
/// <summary>
/// 定时器帮助类
/// 创建定时器=》开始执行任务
/// </summary>
public class TimmerHandler
{
//定时器
System.Timers.Timer _TTimer = null; //定时器默认执行一次
private const bool default_autoReset = false; //定时器默认一秒执行一次
private const int default_interval = ; //定时器创建后即刻运行
private const bool default_autoRun = false; public TimmerHandler(System.Timers.ElapsedEventHandler elapseEvent) : this(default_interval, elapseEvent, default_autoRun)
{ } public TimmerHandler(System.Timers.ElapsedEventHandler elapseEvent, bool autoRun) : this(default_interval, elapseEvent, autoRun)
{ } public TimmerHandler(int interval, System.Timers.ElapsedEventHandler elapseEvent, bool autoRun) : this(interval, default_autoReset, elapseEvent, autoRun)
{ } /// <summary>
/// 创建定时器
/// </summary>
/// <param name="interval">间隔时间（ms）</param>
/// <param name="autoReset">是否重复执行</param>
/// <param name="elapseEvent">定时事件</param>
/// <param name="autoRun">是否自动运行</param>
public TimmerHandler(int interval, bool autoReset, System.Timers.ElapsedEventHandler elapseEvent, bool autoRun)
{
_TTimer = new System.Timers.Timer(); //时间间隔
_TTimer.Interval = interval; //是否重复执行
_TTimer.AutoReset = autoReset; //定时器处理事件
_TTimer.Elapsed += elapseEvent; //定时器自动运行
if (autoRun)
{
_TTimer.Start();
}
} /// <summary>
/// 定时器是否可用
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool GetTimmerEnable()
{
return _TTimer.Enabled;
} /// <summary>
/// 开始定时器任务
/// </summary>
public void StartTimmer()
{
_TTimer.Start();
} /// <summary>
/// 关闭定时器任务
/// </summary>
public void StopTimmer()
{
_TTimer.Stop();
} /// <summary>
/// 删除定时器
/// </summary>
public void RemoveTimmer()
{
_TTimer.Stop();
_TTimer.Dispose();
}
}
}
TimmerHandler
最后是窗体的代码
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Threading;
using System.Diagnostics; namespace MES_MonitoringClient
{
public partial class frmMain : Form
{ /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
//发送信号数量
static int sendDataCount = ;
//接收信号数量
static int receviedDataCount = ;
//发送信号错误数量
static int sendDataErrorCount = ;
//接收信号错误数量
static int receviedDataErrorCount = ; //向串口7发送的默认信号
static string mc_DefaultSignal = "AA1086"; //必须的串口端口
static string[] mc_DefaultRequiredSerialPortName = new string[] { "COM1", "COM7" }; //三个后台线程
static Common.ThreadHandler DateTimeThreadHandler = null;
static Common.ThreadHandler SerialPort1ThreadHandler = null;
static Common.ThreadHandler SerialPort7ThreadHandler = null; /*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
//后台线程变量
Thread timerThread = null; //定时器变量
System.Timers.Timer TTimer; /*主窗口方法*/
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ public frmMain()
{
InitializeComponent();
} /// <summary>
/// 主窗口加载事件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void frmMain_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
//检测端口 //打开端口
serialPort7.Open();
serialPort1.Open(); //开始后台进程
DateTimeThreadHandler = new Common.ThreadHandler(new ThreadStart(DateTimeTimer), true, true);
//SerialPort1ThreadHandler = new Common.ThreadHandler(new ThreadStart(GetRFIDDataTimer), true, true);
SerialPort7ThreadHandler = new Common.ThreadHandler(new ThreadStart(SendDataToSerialPortTimer), true, true); label2.Text = DateTimeThreadHandler.ThreadState(); //MessageBox.Show("初始化共使用" + sw.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + "毫秒"); sw.Stop();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ShowErrorMessage(ex.Message, "系统初始化");
}
} /// <summary>
/// 主窗口关闭中事件
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void frmMain_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
{
DateTimeThreadHandler.ThreadJoin();
//SerialPort1ThreadHandler.ThreadJoin();
SerialPort7ThreadHandler.ThreadJoin(); if (serialPort1.IsOpen)
{
serialPort1.Close();
}
if (serialPort7.IsOpen)
{
serialPort7.Close();
}
} /*定时器方法*/
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /// <summary>
/// 显示时间定时器
/// </summary>
private void DateTimeTimer()
{
Common.TimmerHandler TTimerClass = new Common.TimmerHandler(, true, (o, a) => {
SetDateTime();
}, true);
} /// <summary>
/// 获取串口1RFID定时器
/// </summary>
private void GetRFIDDataTimer()
{
Common.TimmerHandler TTimerClass = new Common.TimmerHandler(, true, (o, a) => {
GetRFIDData(mc_DefaultSignal);
}, true);
} /// <summary>
/// 发送AA1086至串口7定时器
/// </summary>
private void SendDataToSerialPortTimer()
{
Common.TimmerHandler TTimerClass = new Common.TimmerHandler(, true, (o, a) => {
SendDataToSerialPort(mc_DefaultSignal);
}, true);
} /*定时器委托*/
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /// <summary>
/// 声明显示当前时间委托
/// </summary>
private delegate void SetDateTimeDelegate();
private void SetDateTime()
{
if (this.InvokeRequired)
{
try
{
this.Invoke(new SetDateTimeDelegate(SetDateTime));
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//响铃并显示异常给用户
System.Media.SystemSounds.Beep.Play();
}
}
else
{
try
{
label1.Text = string.Format("当前时间：" + DateTime.Now);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//响铃并显示异常给用户
System.Media.SystemSounds.Beep.Play();
}
}
} /// <summary>
/// 声明发送数据至串口委托
/// </summary>
/// <param name="defaultSignal"></param>
private delegate void SendDataToSerialPortDelegate(string defaultSignal);
private void SendDataToSerialPort(string defaultSignal)
{
if (this.InvokeRequired)
{
SendDataToSerialPortDelegate sendDataToSerialPortDelegate = SendDataToSerialPort;
try
{
this.Invoke(sendDataToSerialPortDelegate, new object[] { defaultSignal });
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//响铃并显示异常给用户
System.Media.SystemSounds.Beep.Play();
}
}
else
{
try
{
if (serialPort7.IsOpen)
{
serialPort7.WriteLine(defaultSignal);
sendDataCount += ;
//lab_SendDataCount.Text = "发送成功：" + sendDataCount;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
sendDataErrorCount += ;
//lab_SendDataErrorCount.Text = "发送错误：" + sendDataErrorCount; //响铃并显示异常给用户
System.Media.SystemSounds.Beep.Play();
}
}
} /// <summary>
/// 声明获取RFID串口委托
/// </summary>
/// <param name="defaultSignal"></param>
private delegate void GetRFIDDataDelegate(string defaultSignal);
private void GetRFIDData(string defaultSignal)
{
if (this.InvokeRequired)
{
GetRFIDDataDelegate getRFIDDataDelegate = GetRFIDData;
try
{
this.Invoke(getRFIDDataDelegate, new object[] { defaultSignal });
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//响铃并显示异常给用户
System.Media.SystemSounds.Beep.Play();
}
}
else
{
try
{
if (serialPort7.IsOpen)
{
serialPort7.WriteLine(defaultSignal);
sendDataCount += ;
//lab_SendDataCount.Text = "发送成功：" + sendDataCount;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
sendDataErrorCount += ;
//lab_SendDataErrorCount.Text = "发送错误：" + sendDataErrorCount; //响铃并显示异常给用户
System.Media.SystemSounds.Beep.Play();
}
}
} /*窗口公共方法*/
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /// <summary>
/// 显示系统错误信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="errorTitle">错误标题</param>
/// <param name="errorMessage">错误</param>
private void ShowErrorMessage(string errorTitle,string errorMessage)
{
MessageBox.Show(errorMessage, errorTitle, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
} /*获取串口数据事件*/
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /// <summary>
/// 串口7获取数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void serialPort7_DataReceived(object sender, System.IO.Ports.SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
try
{
System.IO.Ports.SerialPort COM = (System.IO.Ports.SerialPort)sender;
//因为要访问UI资源，所以需要使用invoke方式同步ui
this.Invoke((EventHandler)(delegate
{
receviedDataCount += ;
//lab_ReceviedDataCount.Text = "接收成功：" + receviedDataCount; richTextBox1.AppendText(COM.ReadLine() + "\r");
}
)
);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
//响铃并显示异常给用户
System.Media.SystemSounds.Beep.Play();
}
} /// <summary>
/// 串口1获取数据
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void serialPort1_DataReceived(object sender, System.IO.Ports.SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
try
{
System.IO.Ports.SerialPort COM = (System.IO.Ports.SerialPort)sender;
//因为要访问UI资源，所以需要使用invoke方式同步ui
this.Invoke((EventHandler)(delegate
{
richTextBox2.AppendText(COM.ReadLine() + "\r");
}
)
);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ShowErrorMessage("serialPort1_DataReceived", "RFID串口获取数据时出错");
//响铃并显示异常给用户
System.Media.SystemSounds.Beep.Play();
}
} private void serialPort1_ErrorReceived(object sender, System.IO.Ports.SerialErrorReceivedEventArgs e)
{
ShowErrorMessage("serialPort1_ErrorReceived", "RFID串口获取数据出错");
}
}
}
frmMain
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