亚克力效果

在《如何在pyqt中实现窗口磨砂效果》和《如何在pyqt中实现win10亚克力效果》中，我们调用C++ dll来实现窗口效果，这种方法要求电脑上必须装有MSVC。Visual Studio装起来确实费时又占C盘空间，所以今天在python中直接调用 SetWindowCompositionAttribute，关于更多无边框窗体的解决方案可以参见《如何在pyqt中自定义无边框窗口》。下面是这次的亚克力效果（硝子太美了(๑¯∀¯๑)）：

具体代码

结构体和枚举类

为了调用 Windows 的 API，我们需要定义一些结构体和枚举类，具体如下：

# coding:utf-8

from ctypes import POINTER, Structure

from ctypes.wintypes import DWORD, HWND, ULONG

from enum import Enum

class WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIB(Enum):

    WCA_UNDEFINED = 0,

    WCA_NCRENDERING_ENABLED = 1,

    WCA_NCRENDERING_POLICY = 2,

    WCA_TRANSITIONS_FORCEDISABLED = 3,

    WCA_ALLOW_NCPAINT = 4,

    WCA_CAPTION_BUTTON_BOUNDS = 5,

    WCA_NONCLIENT_RTL_LAYOUT = 6,

    WCA_FORCE_ICONIC_REPRESENTATION = 7,

    WCA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS = 8,

    WCA_HAS_ICONIC_BITMAP = 9,

    WCA_THEME_ATTRIBUTES = 10,

    WCA_NCRENDERING_EXILED = 11,

    WCA_NCADORNMENTINFO = 12,

    WCA_EXCLUDED_FROM_LIVEPREVIEW = 13,

    WCA_VIDEO_OVERLAY_ACTIVE = 14,

    WCA_FORCE_ACTIVEWINDOW_APPEARANCE = 15,

    WCA_DISALLOW_PEEK = 16,

    WCA_CLOAK = 17,

    WCA_CLOAKED = 18,

    WCA_ACCENT_POLICY = 19,

    WCA_FREEZE_REPRESENTATION = 20,

    WCA_EVER_UNCLOAKED = 21,

    WCA_VISUAL_OWNER = 22,

    WCA_LAST = 23

class ACCENT_STATE(Enum):

    """ 客户区状态枚举类 """

    ACCENT_DISABLED = 0,

    ACCENT_ENABLE_GRADIENT = 1,

    ACCENT_ENABLE_TRANSPARENTGRADIENT = 2,

    ACCENT_ENABLE_BLURBEHIND = 3,          # Aero效果

    ACCENT_ENABLE_ACRYLICBLURBEHIND = 4,   # 亚克力效果

    ACCENT_INVALID_STATE = 5

class ACCENT_POLICY(Structure):

    """ 设置客户区的具体属性 """

    _fields_ = [

        ('AccentState',   DWORD),

        ('AccentFlags',   DWORD),

        ('GradientColor', DWORD),

        ('AnimationId',   DWORD),

    ]

class WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA(Structure):

    _fields_ = [

        ('Attribute',  DWORD),

        ('Data',       POINTER(ACCENT_POLICY)), # POINTER()接收任何ctypes类型，并返回一个指针类型

        ('SizeOfData', ULONG),

    ]

WindowEffect 类

WindowEffect 的 setAcrylicEffect 函数中新增了两个参数—— isEnableShadow 和 animationId，一个控制亚克力窗口的阴影，另一个控制磨砂动画。在demo中是看不出 animationId 的具体效果的，只有窗口最大化和还原时这个动画过程才会显现出来，具体过程可以参见上一篇博客，里面的动图显示得很清楚，下面是这个类的代码：

# coding:utf-8

from ctypes import POINTER, c_bool, sizeof, windll,pointer,c_int

from ctypes.wintypes import DWORD, HWND, ULONG

from win32 import win32api, win32gui

from win32.lib import win32con

from .c_structures import (ACCENT_POLICY, ACCENT_STATE,

                        WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIB,

                        WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA)

class WindowEffect():

    """ 调用windows api实现窗口效果 """

    def __init__(self):

        # 调用api

        self.SetWindowCompositionAttribute = windll.user32.SetWindowCompositionAttribute

        self.SetWindowCompositionAttribute.restype = c_bool

        self.SetWindowCompositionAttribute.argtypes = [

            c_int, POINTER(WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA)]

        # 初始化结构体

        self.accentPolicy = ACCENT_POLICY()

        self.winCompAttrData = WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIBDATA()

        self.winCompAttrData.Attribute = WINDOWCOMPOSITIONATTRIB.WCA_ACCENT_POLICY.value[0]

        self.winCompAttrData.SizeOfData = sizeof(self.accentPolicy)

        self.winCompAttrData.Data = pointer(self.accentPolicy)

    def setAcrylicEffect(self, hWnd: int, gradientColor: str = 'F2F2F230',

                         isEnableShadow: bool = True, animationId: int = 0):

        """ 开启亚克力效果

        Parameters

        ----------

        hWnd: int

            窗口句柄

        gradientColor: str

             十六进制亚克力混合色，对应 RGBA 四个分量

        isEnableShadow: bool

            是否启用窗口阴影

        animationId: int

            控制磨砂动画

        """

        # 亚克力混合色

        gradientColor = gradientColor[6:] + gradientColor[4:6] + \

            gradientColor[2:4] + gradientColor[:2]

        gradientColor = DWORD(int(gradientColor, base=16))

        # 磨砂动画

        animationId = DWORD(animationId)

        # 窗口阴影

        accentFlags = DWORD(0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80 |

                            0x100) if isEnableShadow else DWORD(0)

        self.accentPolicy.AccentState = ACCENT_STATE.ACCENT_ENABLE_ACRYLICBLURBEHIND.value[0]

        self.accentPolicy.GradientColor = gradientColor

        self.accentPolicy.AccentFlags = accentFlags

        self.accentPolicy.AnimationId = animationId

        # 开启亚克力

        self.SetWindowCompositionAttribute(hWnd, pointer(self.winCompAttrData))

    def setAeroEffect(self, hWnd: int):

        """ 开启 Aero 效果

        Parameter

        ----------

        hWnd: int

            窗口句柄

        """

        self.accentPolicy.AccentState = ACCENT_STATE.ACCENT_ENABLE_BLURBEHIND.value[0]

        # 开启Aero

        self.SetWindowCompositionAttribute(hWnd, pointer(self.winCompAttrData))

    def moveWindow(self, hWnd: int):

        """ 移动窗口

        Parameter

        ----------

        hWnd: int or `sip.voidptr`

            窗口句柄

        """

        win32gui.ReleaseCapture()

        win32api.SendMessage(hWnd, win32con.WM_SYSCOMMAND,

                    win32con.SC_MOVE + win32con.HTCAPTION, 0)

demo

# coding:utf-8

import sys

from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget

from my_window_effect import WindowEffect

class Demo(QWidget):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):

        super().__init__(parent)

        self.windowEffect = WindowEffect()

        self.resize(500, 500)

        self.setWindowFlags(Qt.FramelessWindowHint)

        # 必须用样式表使背景透明，别用 setAttribute(Qt.WA_TranslucentBackground)，不然界面会卡顿

        self.setStyleSheet("background:transparent")

        self.windowEffect.setAcrylicEffect(int(self.winId()))

    def mousePressEvent(self, QMouseEvent):

        """ 移动窗口 """

        self.windowEffect.moveWindow(self.winId())

if __name__ == "__main__":

    app = QApplication(sys.argv)

    demo = Demo()

    demo.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

写在最后

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巴特西

如何在pyqt中通过调用 SetWindowCompositionAttribute 实现Win10亚克力效果