Cassandra-Java（增删查改）

驱动下载

　　创建maven工程，让maven来维护我们的jar，maven最重要的pom文件内容如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.huawei</groupId>

    <artifactId>cassandra</artifactId>

    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>cassandra</name>

    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

    <properties>

        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

    </properties>

    <dependencies>

       <dependency>

            <groupId>com.datastax.cassandra</groupId>

            <artifactId>cassandra-driver-core</artifactId>

            <version>2.1.10.3</version>

        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

Session获取

　　官方给的Quick start案例

Cluster cluster = null;

        try {

            cluster = Cluster.builder()                                                    // (1)

                    .addContactPoint("127.0.0.1")                   　　　　　　　　　　　　　 // cassandra服务器ip

                    .withCredentials("admin", "admin")                                     // 若没有启用账号认证，此处可以去掉

                    .build();

            Session session = cluster.connect();                                           // (2)

            ResultSet rs = session.execute("select release_version from system.local");    // (3)

            Row row = rs.one();

            System.out.println(row.getString("release_version"));                          // (4)

        } finally {

            if (cluster != null) cluster.close();                                          // (5)

        }

　　代码中的(1) ~ (5)分别表示或者代表什么

　　　　(1)：Cluster对象是驱动程序的主入口点，它保存着真实Cassandra集群的状态(尤其是元数据)；Cluster是线程安全的，一个Cassandra集群创建一个Cluster的单例，整个应用用这一个单例即可

　　　　(2)：Session用来执行查询的，而且它也是线程安全的，同样也应该重复利用

　　　　(3)：利用execute来发送一个查询到Cassandra，execute返回一个Resultset(结果集),这个结果集就是必要的列的行集合(二维表，行是满足条件的记录，列是我们关注的某些字段)

　　　　(4)：从row中提取数据

　　　　(5)：当任务完成后，关闭cluster，关闭cluster的同时将会关闭它创建的全部session；这一步很重要，它会释放潜在的资源(TCP连接、线程池等)，在真实的应用中，我们应该在应用关闭(或应用卸载)的时候关闭cluster

　　　　有jdbc开发的经验，就会发现，上述代码似曾相识，上述代码中的session就相当于jdbc中的connection，是整个数据库操作的基础，那么我们将session的获取单独抽出来

package com.huawei.cassandra.factory;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

import com.datastax.driver.core.Cluster;

import com.datastax.driver.core.Session;

public class SessionRepository

{

    private static Session instance = null;

    private static Cluster cluster = null;

    private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    private SessionRepository(){}

    public static Session getSession()

    {

        if (null == instance)

        {

            try

            {

                lock.lock();

                if (null == instance)

                {

                    cluster = Cluster.builder()

                            .addContactPoint("127.0.0.1")

                            .withCredentials("admin", "admin")

                            .build();

                    instance = cluster.connect();

                    // 也可以针对一个特定的keyspace获取一个session

                    // instance = cluster.connect("mycas");

                }

            }

            finally

            {

                lock.unlock();

            }

        }

        return instance;

    }

    public static void close()

    {

        if (null == cluster)

        {

            try

            {

                lock.lock();

                if (null == cluster)

                {

                    cluster.close();

                }

            }

            finally

            {

                lock.unlock();

            }

        }

    }

}

　　　　拿到session了，那么请随意操作Cassandra吧！

cassandra基本操作

　　创建表

　　　　在mycas下创建表student

use mycas;

create table student(

    id int,

    address text,

    name text,

    age int,

    height int,

    primary key(id,address,name)

);

insert into student(id,address,name,age,height) values(1,'guangdong','lixiao',32,172);

　　session直接执行cql

　　　　和jdbc类似，关键是cql的拼接，下例是插入一条记录，删、改、查和这类似，不一一列举了

　　　　// 字符串注意单引号'

        String cql = "insert into mycas.student(id,address,name,age,height) values("

                + student.getId() + ",'" + student.getAddress() + "','" + student.getName()

                + "'," + student.getAge() + "," + student.getHeight() + ");";

        System.out.println(cql);

        session.execute(cql);

　　Querybuilder

　　　　利用Querybuilder可以减轻cql的拼接，sql语句的拼接由驱动完成

　　　　查询一个student：

    @Override

    public Student getStudentByKeys(int id, String address, String name)

    {

        Student student = null;

        ResultSet rs = session.execute(

                QueryBuilder.select("id", "address", "name", "age", "height")

                .from("mycas", "student")

                .where(QueryBuilder.eq("id", id))

                .and(QueryBuilder.eq("address", address))

                .and(QueryBuilder.eq("name", name)));

        Iterator<Row> rsIterator = rs.iterator();

        if (rsIterator.hasNext())

        {

            Row row = rsIterator.next();

            student = new Student();

            student.setAddress(row.getString("address"));

            student.setAge(row.getInt("age"));

            student.setHeight(row.getInt("height"));

            student.setId(row.getInt("id"));

            student.setName(row.getString("name"));

        }

        return student;

    }

　　　　保存一个student：

　　@Override

    public void saveStudent(Student student)

    {

        session.execute(

                QueryBuilder.insertInto("mycas", "student")

                .values(new String[]{"id", "address", "name", "age", "height"},

                        new Object[]{student.getId(), student.getAddress(),

                            student.getName(), student.getAge(), student.getHeight()}));

    }

　　　　修改一个student:

@Override

    public void updateStudent(Student student)

    {

        session.execute(

                QueryBuilder.update("mycas", "student")

                .with(QueryBuilder.set("age", student.getAge()))

                .and(QueryBuilder.set("height", student.getHeight()))

                .where(QueryBuilder.eq("id", student.getId()))

                .and(QueryBuilder.eq("address", student.getAddress()))

                .and(QueryBuilder.eq("name", student.getName())));

    }

　　　　删除一个student：

@Override

    public void removeStudent(int id, String address, String name)

    {

        session.execute(QueryBuilder.delete()

                .from("mycas", "student")

                .where(QueryBuilder.eq("id", id))

                .and(QueryBuilder.eq("address", address))

                .and(QueryBuilder.eq("name", name)));

    }

　　注意：驱动版本不同，Querybuilder的用法有些许不同，有些版本的某些方法变成非静态的了！

　　占位符

　　　　cassandra也有类似jdbc那样使用预编译占位符

　　　　http://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/java-driver/3.0/manual/statements/prepared/

　　　　预编译的原理是怎样的了，上面的链接是驱动官方的解释，我来谈谈我的理解

　　　　当我们预编译statement的时候，Cassandra会解析query语句，缓存解析的结果并返回一个唯一的标志(PreparedStatement对象保持着这个标志的内部引用，就相当于通过标志可以获取到query语句预编译后的内容)：

　　　　当你绑定并且执行预编译statement的时候，驱动只会发送这个标志，那么Cassandra就会跳过解析query语句的过程：

　　　　所以，我们应该保证query语句只应该被预编译一次，缓存PreparedStatement 到我们的应用中（PreparedStatement 是线程安全的）；如果我们对同一个query语句预编译了多次，那么驱动会打印警告日志；如果一个query语句只执行一次，那么预编译不会提供性能上的提高，反而会降低性能，因为它是两个来回(结合上面两张图)，那么此时可以考虑用 simple statement 来代替

　　　　和jdbc的预编译非常类似，我们来看看实际代码

　　　　静态cql

　　private static final String GET_STUDENT = "select id,address,name,age,height from mycas.student where id=? and address=? and name=?;";

　　private static final String SAVE_STUDENT = "insert into mycas.student(id,address,name,age,height) values(?,?,?,?,?);";

　　private static final String UPDATE_STUDENT = "update mycas.student set age=?, height=? where id=? and address=? and name=?;";

　　private static final String REMOVE_STUDENT = "delete from mycas.student where id=? and address=? and name=?;";

　　　　查询一个student

　　　　 Student student = null;

        PreparedStatement prepareStatement = session.prepare(GET_STUDENT);

        BoundStatement bindStatement = new BoundStatement(prepareStatement).bind(id, address, name);

        ResultSet rs = session.execute(bindStatement);

        Iterator<Row> rsIterator = rs.iterator();

        if (rsIterator.hasNext())

        {

            Row row = rsIterator.next();

            student = new Student();

            student.setAddress(row.getString("address"));

            student.setAge(row.getInt("age"));

            student.setHeight(row.getInt("height"));

            student.setId(row.getInt("id"));

            student.setName(row.getString("name"));

        }

        return student;

　　　　保存一个student

        PreparedStatement prepareStatement = session.prepare(SAVE_STUDENT);

        BoundStatement bindStatement = new BoundStatement(prepareStatement)

            .bind(student.getId(), student.getAddress(), student.getName(), student.getAge(), student.getHeight());

        session.execute(bindStatement);

　　　　修改一个student

　　　　 PreparedStatement prepareStatement = session.prepare(UPDATE_STUDENT);

        BoundStatement bindStatement = new BoundStatement(prepareStatement)

            .bind(student.getAge(), student.getHeight(), student.getId(), student.getAddress(), student.getName());

        session.execute(bindStatement);

　　　　删除一个student

　　　　 PreparedStatement prepareStatement = session.prepare(REMOVE_STUDENT);

        BoundStatement bindStatement = new BoundStatement(prepareStatement)

            .bind(id, address, name);

        session.execute(bindStatement);

　　批量batch

public static void batch()

    {

        Session session = SessionRepository.getSession();

        BoundStatement insertBind1 = new BoundStatement(

                session.prepare("insert into mycas.student(id,address,name,age,height) values(?,?,?,?,?);"))

                       .bind(3, "guangxi", "huangfeihong", 67, 175);

        BoundStatement insertBind2 = new BoundStatement(

                session.prepare("insert into mycas.student(id,address,name,age,height) values(?,?,?,?,?);"))

                       .bind(4, "hunan", "youzhibing", 26, 160);

        BoundStatement updateBind = new BoundStatement(

                session.prepare("update mycas.student set age=?, height=? where id=? and address=? and name=?;"))

                       .bind(72, 173, 3, "guangxi", "huangfeihong");

        BoundStatement deleteBind = new BoundStatement(

                session.prepare("delete from mycas.student where id=? and address=? and name=?;"))

                       .bind(4, "hunan", "youzhibing");

        BatchStatement batchStatement = new BatchStatement();

        batchStatement.add(insertBind1);

        batchStatement.add(insertBind2);

        batchStatement.add(updateBind);

        batchStatement.add(deleteBind);

        session.execute(batchStatement);

    }

public static void batch()

    {

        Session session = SessionRepository.getSession();

        BoundStatement insertBind1 = new BoundStatement(

                session.prepare("insert into mycas.student(id,address,name,age,height) values(?,?,?,?,?);"))

                       .bind(3, "guangxi", "huangfeihong", 67, 175);

        BoundStatement insertBind2 = new BoundStatement(

                session.prepare("insert into mycas.student(id,address,name,age,height) values(?,?,?,?,?);"))

                       .bind(4, "hunan", "youzhibing", 26, 160);

        BoundStatement updateBind = new BoundStatement(

                session.prepare("update mycas.student set age=?, height=? where id=? and address=? and name=?;"))

                       .bind(72, 173, 3, "guangxi", "huangfeihong");

        BoundStatement deleteBind = new BoundStatement(

                session.prepare("delete from mycas.student where id=? and address=? and name=?;"))

                       .bind(4, "hunan", "youzhibing");

        BatchStatement batchStatement = new BatchStatement();

        batchStatement.add(insertBind1);

        batchStatement.add(insertBind2);

        batchStatement.add(updateBind);

        batchStatement.add(deleteBind);

        session.execute(batchStatement);

    }

巴特西