安装django
```
pip install django==2.2
```
建一个在线商城的项目
```
django-admin startproject pyshop
```
启动项目
```
python manage.py runserver
```
页面访问效果 http://127.0.0.1:8000
建议一个项目的app 产品 products
```
django-admin startapp products
```

在app的 views 里面写一下请求页面比如 http://127.0.0.1:8000/products

from django.shortcuts import render

from django.http import HttpResponse

def index(request):

    return HttpResponse('HelloWorld')

为了让 products能够访问需要在app的urls(需要自己建) 及项目的urls配置urlpatterns

app的url配置：

from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [

    path('', views.index),

]

项目的url配置他要包括app的url 组合起来用

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    path('products/', include('products.urls')),

]

展示效果http://127.0.0.1:8000/products/

模型对product 进行模型设计实际上就是建表（python会按照模型建好的自己建表）

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Product(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)

    price = models.FloatField()

    stock = models.IntegerField()

    image_url = models.CharField(max_length=2083)

在setting 加上 app的配置

INSTALLED_APPS = [

    'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'products.apps.ProductsConfig',

]

创建product的model

python manage.py makemigrations

(venv) D:\PyShop>python manage.py makemigrations

Migrations for 'products':

  products\migrations\0001_initial.py

    - Create model Product

(venv) D:\PyShop>

初始化的文件放在这里 products\migrations\0001_initial.py

根据生产的初始化文件建表

python manage.py migrate

(venv) D:\PyShop>python manage.py migrate

Operations to perform:

  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, products, sessions

Running migrations:

  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK

  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK

  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK

  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK

  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK

  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK

  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK

  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK

  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK

  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK

  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK

  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK

  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK

  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK

  Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK

  Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK

  Applying products.0001_initial... OK

  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

(venv) D:\PyShop>

类似的再建一个 offer的模型包含优惠券的代码描述和折扣

class Offer(models.Model):

    code = models.CharField(max_length=10)

    description = models.CharField(max_length=256)

    discount = models.FloatField()

同样去做迁移变化

(venv) D:\PyShop>python manage.py makemigrations

Migrations for 'products':

  products\migrations\0002_offer.py

    - Create model Offer

(venv) D:\PyShop>

再去生成表

(venv) D:\PyShop>python manage.py migrate

Operations to perform:

  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, products, sessions

Running migrations:

  Applying products.0002_offer... OK

(venv) D:\PyShop>

创建超级管理员 admin

(venv) D:\PyShop>python manage.py createsuperuser

Username (leave blank to use 'work1'): admin

Email address: dfwlai@163.com

Password:

Password (again):

The password is too similar to the username.

This password is too short. It must contain at least 8 characters.

This password is too common.

Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: y

Superuser created successfully.

(venv) D:\PyShop>

在admin.py中注册我们的模型

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Product

# Register your models here.

admin.site.register(Product)

admin页面会显示如下

可以手动增加一个产品橘子
展示效果如下

这个时候我们改一下让产品字段按列表展出

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Product

# Register your models here.

class ProductAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):

    list_display = ('name','price','stock')

admin.site.register(Product,ProductAdmin)

效果

环境：python3.7.4 django 2.2

部署过程中遇到的问题：

1、报错：

　　File "D:\Python\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\django\views\debug.py", line 332, in get_traceback_html

　　t = DEBUG_ENGINE.from_string(fh.read())　　

　　UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xa6 in position 9737: illegal multibyte sequence

解决：

　　打开django/views下的debug.py文件，转到line331行：

　　　with Path(CURRENT_DIR, 'templates', 'technical_500.html').open() as fh

　　将其改成：

　　　　with Path(CURRENT_DIR, 'templates', 'technical_500.html').open(encoding="utf-8") as fh

就成功了。

3、django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module.

Did you install mysqlclient?

pip install PyMySQL pymsql 已经不用了

pip install mysqlclient 安装mysqlclient

wiki：

使用mysql 来当数据库

1、首先默认的setting的数据库配置

DATABASES = {

    'default': {

        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',

        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),

    }

}

改为:  其中lzy  是database名字 我的本地库 root没有密码

DATABASES = {

    'default': {

        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',

        'NAME': 'lzy',

        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',

        'PORT': 3306,

        'USER': 'root',

        'PASSWORD': '',

    }

}

巴特西

基于django2.2的网页构建

环境：python3.7.4 django 2.2

部署过程中遇到的问题：

使用mysql 来当数据库

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