#include <iostream>

#include <stdexcept>

class CheckedPtr {

public:

  // no default ctor

  CheckedPtr(int* b, int *e) : beg(b), end(e), cur(b) {}

  // prefix operators

  CheckedPtr& operator++();

  CheckedPtr& operator--();

  // postfix operators

  CheckedPtr operator++(int);

  CheckedPtr operator--(int);

private:

  int* beg;

  int* end;

  int* cur;

};

CheckedPtr& CheckedPtr::operator++()

{

  if (cur == end) {

    throw std::out_of_range("increment past the end of CheckedPtr");

  }

  ++cur;

  return *this;

}

CheckedPtr& CheckedPtr::operator--()

{

  if (cur == beg) {

    throw std::out_of_range("decrement past the beginning of CheckedPtr");

  }

  --cur;

  return *this;

}

CheckedPtr CheckedPtr::operator++(int)

{

  CheckedPtr ret(*this);

  ++*this;

  return ret;

}

CheckedPtr CheckedPtr::operator--(int)

{

  CheckedPtr ret(*this);

  --*this;

  return ret;

}

int main()

{

  int ia[];

  CheckedPtr parr(ia, ia+);

  try {

    parr++;

    ++parr;

    parr.operator++();

    parr.operator++();

  }

  catch (const std::out_of_range& e) {

    std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;

  }

  return ;

}