The game “The Pilots Brothers: following the stripy elephant” has a quest where a player needs to open a refrigerator.

There are 16 handles on the refrigerator door. Every handle can be in one of two states: open or closed. The refrigerator is open only when all handles are open. The handles are represented as a matrix 4х4. You can change the state of a handle in any location [i,
j] (1 ≤ i, j ≤ 4). However, this also changes states of all handles in row i and all handles in column j.

The task is to determine the minimum number of handle switching necessary to open the refrigerator.

The input contains four lines. Each of the four lines contains four characters describing the initial state of appropriate handles. A symbol “+” means that the handle is in closed state, whereas the symbol “−” means “open”. At least one of the handles is
initially closed.

The first line of the input contains N – the minimum number of switching. The rest N lines describe switching sequence. Each of the lines contains a row number and a column number of the matrix separated by one or more spaces. If there are several solutions,
you may give any one of them.

/*

Author: 2486

Memory: 144 KB		Time: 360 MS

Language: C++		Result: Accepted

*/

#include <cstdio>

#include <cstring>

#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

const int maxn=1<<18;

char maps[5][5];

bool vis[maxn];

int path[maxn];//记录终于路径

int pathvis[maxn];//记录DFS过程中的路径

int Min;

int binary(int val,int x,int y) {

    for(int i=0; i<16; i++) {//选取行列进行取反

        if(i/4==x||i%4==y) {

            val^=(1<<i);

        }

    }

    return val;

}

void dfs(int s,int step,int x,int y) {

    if(s==0) {

        if(Min>step) {

            Min=step;

            for(int i=0;i<step;i++){

                path[i]=pathvis[i];//假设比先前的步数更少就转到存储终于路径的数组中

            }

        }

        return;

    }

    if(x>=4)return;

    int nx,ny;

    if(y+1>=4) {//向右走然后向下走

        nx=x+1;

        ny=0;

    } else {

        ny=y+1;

        nx=x;

    }

    int fd=x*4+y;

    int k=binary(s,x,y);

    pathvis[step]=fd;//当前的位置进行反转

    dfs(k,step+1,nx,ny);

    dfs(s,step,nx,ny);

}

int main() {

    while(~scanf("%s",maps[0])) {

        for(int i=1; i<4; i++) {

            scanf("%s",&maps[i]);

        }

        int s=0;

        for(int i=3; i>=0; i--) {

            for(int j=3; j>=0; j--) {

                if(maps[i][j]=='+')s=s<<1|1;

                else s<<=1;

            }

        }

        if(s==0) {

            printf("0\n");

            continue;

        }

        Min=10000000;

        dfs(s,0,0,0);

        printf("%d\n",Min);

        for(int i=0; i<Min; i++) {

            printf("%d %d\n",path[i]/4+1,path[i]%4+1);

        }

    }

    return 0;

}