笔记-scrapy-请求-下载-结果处理流程

在使用时发现对scrpy的下载过程中的处理逻辑还是不太明晰，-写个文档温习一下。

1. 请求-下载-结果处理流程

从哪开始呢？

engine.py

@defer.inlineCallbacks

def open_spider(self, spider, start_requests=(), close_if_idle=True):

assert self.has_capacity(), "No free spider slot when opening %r" % \

spider.name

logger.info("Spider opened", extra={'spider': spider})

nextcall = CallLaterOnce(self._next_request, spider)

scheduler = self.scheduler_cls.from_crawler(self.crawler)

start_requests = yield self.scraper.spidermw.process_start_requests(start_requests, spider)

slot = Slot(start_requests, close_if_idle, nextcall, scheduler)

self.slot = slot

self.spider = spider

yield scheduler.open(spider)

yield self.scraper.open_spider(spider)

self.crawler.stats.open_spider(spider)

yield self.signals.send_catch_log_deferred(signals.spider_opened, spider=spider)

slot.nextcall.schedule() #

slot.heartbeat.start(5)

注意最后两句

nextcall 是自己写的一个reactor调用中间类，在这里实际是把self._next_request加入了reactor task队列。

slot.nextcall.schedule() 等于调用self._next_request

slot.heartbeat.start(5)声明每5秒调用一次nextcall.schedule

reactor是跑起来了

看到self._next_request

控制循环

def _next_request(self, spider):

slot = self.slot

if not slot:

return

if self.paused:

return

while not self._needs_backout(spider):

if not self._next_request_from_scheduler(spider):

break

if slot.start_requests and not self._needs_backout(spider):

try:

request = next(slot.start_requests)

except StopIteration:

slot.start_requests = None

except Exception:

slot.start_requests = None

logger.error('Error while obtaining start requests',

exc_info=True, extra={'spider': spider})

else:

self.crawl(request, spider)

if self.spider_is_idle(spider) and slot.close_if_idle:

self._spider_idle(spider)

_needs_backout是用于判断爬虫状态的函数

def _next_request_from_scheduler(self, spider):

slot = self.slot

request = slot.scheduler.next_request()

if not request:

return

d = self._download(request, spider)

d.addBoth(self._handle_downloader_output, request, spider)

d.addErrback(lambda f: logger.info('Error while handling downloader output',

exc_info=failure_to_exc_info(f),

extra={'spider': spider}))

d.addBoth(lambda _: slot.remove_request(request))

d.addErrback(lambda f: logger.info('Error while removing request from slot',

exc_info=failure_to_exc_info(f),

extra={'spider': spider}))

d.addBoth(lambda _: slot.nextcall.schedule())

d.addErrback(lambda f: logger.info('Error while scheduling new request',

exc_info=failure_to_exc_info(f),

extra={'spider': spider}))

return d

d 是一个defer对象，然后为它添加了一堆回调函数，包括后续处理，从请求队列中删除，取下一个请求（执行nextcall.schedule()，也就是self._next_request()）

Slot是当前请求的状态保存类；

下面要分两条线了，一条是下载_download（单列章节），一条是下载返回结果处理。

下载结果处理：

def _handle_downloader_output(self, response, request, spider):

assert isinstance(response, (Request, Response, Failure)), response

# downloader middleware can return requests (for example, redirects)

if isinstance(response, Request):

self.crawl(response, spider)

return

# response is a Response or Failure

d = self.scraper.enqueue_scrape(response, request, spider)

d.addErrback(lambda f: logger.error('Error while enqueuing downloader output',

exc_info=failure_to_exc_info(f),

extra={'spider': spider}))

return d

继续d = self.scraper.enqueue_scrape(response, request, spider)

def enqueue_scrape(self, response, request, spider):

slot = self.slot

dfd = slot.add_response_request(response, request)

def finish_scraping(_):

slot.finish_response(response, request) # slot状态更新

self._check_if_closing(spider, slot)

self._scrape_next(spider, slot) # 下一步

return _

dfd.addBoth(finish_scraping)

dfd.addErrback(

lambda f: logger.error('Scraper bug processing %(request)s',

{'request': request},

exc_info=failure_to_exc_info(f),

extra={'spider': spider}))

self._scrape_next(spider, slot) #下一步

return dfd

照例：slot用于保存scraper当前任务队列及状态

继续：

def _scrape_next(self, spider, slot):

while slot.queue:

response, request, deferred = slot.next_response_request_deferred()

self._scrape(response, request, spider).chainDeferred(deferred)

def _scrape(self, response, request, spider):

"""Handle the downloaded response or failure through the spider

callback/errback"""

assert isinstance(response, (Response, Failure))

dfd = self._scrape2(response, request, spider) # returns spiders processed output

dfd.addErrback(self.handle_spider_error, request, response, spider)

dfd.addCallback(self.handle_spider_output, request, response, spider)

return dfd

添加回调函数dfd.addCallback(self.handle_spider_output, request, response, spider)

注意：dfd = self._scrape2(response, request, spider) # returns spiders processed output会完成添加spider解析的回调函数。

def call_spider(self, result, request, spider):

result.request = request

dfd = defer_result(result)

dfd.addCallbacks(request.callback or spider.parse, request.errback)

return dfd.addCallback(iterate_spider_output)

关键句：dfd.addCallbacks(request.callback or spider.parse, request.errback)

继续看self.handle_spider_output,

def handle_spider_output(self, result, request, response, spider):

if not result:

return defer_succeed(None)

it = iter_errback(result, self.handle_spider_error, request, response, spider)

dfd = parallel(it, self.concurrent_items,

self._process_spidermw_output, request, response, spider)

return dfd

def _process_spidermw_output(self, output, request, response, spider):

"""Process each Request/Item (given in the output parameter) returned

from the given spider

"""

if isinstance(output, Request):

self.crawler.engine.crawl(request=output, spider=spider)

elif isinstance(output, (BaseItem, dict)):

self.slot.itemproc_size += 1

dfd = self.itemproc.process_item(output, spider)

dfd.addBoth(self._itemproc_finished, output, response, spider)

return dfd

elif output is None:

pass

else:

typename = type(output).__name__

logger.error('Spider must return Request, BaseItem, dict or None, '

'got %(typename)r in %(request)s',

{'request': request, 'typename': typename},

extra={'spider': spider})

如果返回的是请求，crawl()

如果是item或dict，self.itemproc.process_item(output, spider)；也就是pipeline中写的process_item方法了

1.1. 小结

代码中对功能函数的拆分，调用还是有一点复杂的，但这样做的好处是代码块之间的耦合性不高，可以非常方便的进行某一函数或功能块的替换。

2. 下载器

下载流程解析

从engine.py中开始：

def _download(self, request, spider):

slot = self.slot

# slot 状态更新

slot.add_request(request)

def _on_success(response):

assert isinstance(response, (Response, Request))

if isinstance(response, Response):

response.request = request # tie request to response received

logkws = self.logformatter.crawled(request, response, spider)

logger.log(*logformatter_adapter(logkws), extra={'spider': spider})

self.signals.send_catch_log(signal=signals.response_received, \

response=response, request=request, spider=spider)

return response

def _on_complete(_):

slot.nextcall.schedule()

return _

dwld = self.downloader.fetch(request, spider)

dwld.addCallbacks(_on_success)

dwld.addBoth(_on_complete)

return dwld

主要是声明了一个deffer并添加了一些回调函数用于状态更新，信号传递。

dwld = self.downloader.fetch(request, spider)

进入downloader.fetch()

def fetch(self, request, spider):

def _deactivate(response):

self.active.remove(request)

return response

self.active.add(request)

dfd = self.middleware.download(self._enqueue_request, request, spider)

return dfd.addBoth(_deactivate)

active用于保存当前下载的任务

添加deactive用于在下载完成后删除active中对应记录

继续，middleware.download()

def download(self, download_func, request, spider):

@defer.inlineCallbacks

def process_request(request):

for method in self.methods['process_request']:

response = yield method(request=request, spider=spider)

assert response is None or isinstance(response, (Response, Request)), \

'Middleware %s.process_request must return None, Response or Request, got %s' % \

(six.get_method_self(method).__class__.__name__, response.__class__.__name__)

if response:

defer.returnValue(response)

defer.returnValue((yield download_func(request=request,spider=spider)))

@defer.inlineCallbacks

def process_response(response):

assert response is not None, 'Received None in process_response'

if isinstance(response, Request):

defer.returnValue(response)

for method in self.methods['process_response']:

response = yield method(request=request, response=response,

spider=spider)

assert isinstance(response, (Response, Request)), \

'Middleware %s.process_response must return Response or Request, got %s' % \

(six.get_method_self(method).__class__.__name__, type(response))

if isinstance(response, Request):

defer.returnValue(response)

@defer.inlineCallbacks

def process_exception(_failure):

exception = _failure.value

for method in self.methods['process_exception']:

response = yield method(request=request, exception=exception,

spider=spider)

assert response is None or isinstance(response, (Response, Request)), \

'Middleware %s.process_exception must return None, Response or Request, got %s' % \

(six.get_method_self(method).__class__.__name__, type(response))

if response:

defer.returnValue(response)

defer.returnValue(_failure)

deferred = mustbe_deferred(process_request, request)

deferred.addErrback(process_exception)

deferred.addCallback(process_response)

return deferred

这里完成了下载中间件的处理

然后调用defer.returnValue((yield download_func(request=request,spider=spider)))

实际上就是download的self._enqueue_request

向下走

def _enqueue_request(self, request, spider):

key, slot = self._get_slot(request, spider)

request.meta['download_slot'] = key

def _deactivate(response):

slot.active.remove(request)

return response

slot.active.add(request)

self.signals.send_catch_log(signal=signals.request_reached_downloader,

request=request,

spider=spider)

deferred = defer.Deferred().addBoth(_deactivate)

slot.queue.append((request, deferred))

self._process_queue(spider, slot)

return deferred

老规矩，slot保存任务信息

调用self._process_queue

下载延迟是在这里进行的。

def _process_queue(self, spider, slot):

if slot.latercall and slot.latercall.active():

return

# Delay queue processing if a download_delay is configured

now = time()

delay = slot.download_delay()

if delay:

penalty = delay - now + slot.lastseen

if penalty > 0:

slot.latercall = reactor.callLater(penalty, self._process_queue, spider, slot)

return

# Process enqueued requests if there are free slots to transfer for this slot

while slot.queue and slot.free_transfer_slots() > 0:

slot.lastseen = now

request, deferred = slot.queue.popleft()

dfd = self._download(slot, request, spider)

dfd.chainDeferred(deferred)

# prevent burst if inter-request delays were configured

if delay:

self._process_queue(spider, slot)

break

下载语句_download()

def _download(self, slot, request, spider):

# The order is very important for the following deferreds. Do not change!

# 1. Create the download deferred

dfd = mustbe_deferred(self.handlers.download_request, request, spider)

# 2. Notify response_downloaded listeners about the recent download

# before querying queue for next request

def _downloaded(response):

self.signals.send_catch_log(signal=signals.response_downloaded,

response=response,

request=request,

spider=spider)

return response

dfd.addCallback(_downloaded)

# 3. After response arrives, remove the request from transferring

# state to free up the transferring slot so it can be used by the

# following requests (perhaps those which came from the downloader

# middleware itself)

slot.transferring.add(request)

def finish_transferring(_):

slot.transferring.remove(request)

self._process_queue(spider, slot)

return _

return dfd.addBoth(finish_transferring)

在这里，也维护了一个下载队列，可根据配置达到延迟下载的要求。真正发起下载请求的是调用了self.handlers.download_request：

后面的水有点深了，涉及的知识点比较多，以后有机会再写。

每个下载handler可以理解为requests包，输入url输出response就可以了。

巴特西

笔记-scrapy-请求-下载-结果处理流程

笔记-scrapy-请求-下载-结果处理流程

1. 请求-下载-结果处理流程

1.1. 小结

2. 下载器

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