　　Beautiful Soup 是一个可以从HTML或XML文件中提取数据的Python库.它能够通过你喜欢的转换器实现惯用的文档导航,查找,修改文档的方式.Beautiful Soup会帮你节省数小时甚至数天的工作时间.

快速开始

html_doc = """

<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>

<body>

<p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>

<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were

<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1">Elsie</a>,

<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and

<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;

and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>

<p class="story">...</p>

"""

　　使用BeautifulSoup解析这段代码,能够得到一个 BeautifulSoup 的对象,并能按照标准的缩进格式的结构输出:

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc)

print(soup.prettify())

# <html>

#  <head>

#   <title>

#    The Dormouse's story

#   </title>

#  </head>

#  <body>

#   <p class="title">

#    <b>

#     The Dormouse's story

#    </b>

#   </p>

#   <p class="story">

#    Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were

#    <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">

#     Elsie

#    </a>

#    ,

#    <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">

#     Lacie

#    </a>

#    and

#    <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link2">

#     Tillie

#    </a>

#    ; and they lived at the bottom of a well.

#   </p>

#   <p class="story">

#    ...

#   </p>

#  </body>

# </html>

　　几个简单的浏览结构化数据的方法：

soup.title

# <title>The Dormouse's story</title>

soup.title.name

# u'title'

soup.title.string

# u'The Dormouse's story'

soup.title.parent.name

# u'head'

soup.p

# <p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>

soup.p['class']

# u'title'

soup.a

# <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>

soup.find_all('a')

# [<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>,

#  <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">Lacie</a>,

#  <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>]

soup.find(id="link3")

# <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">Tillie</a>

　　从文档中找到所有<a>标签的链接:

for link in soup.find_all('a'):

    print(link.get('href'))

    # http://example.com/elsie

    # http://example.com/lacie

    # http://example.com/tillie

　　从文档中获取所有文字内容:

print(soup.get_text())

# The Dormouse's story

#

# The Dormouse's story

#

# Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were

# Elsie,

# Lacie and

# Tillie;

# and they lived at the bottom of a well.

#

# ...

如何使用

将一段文档传入BeautifulSoup 的构造方法,就能得到一个文档的对象, 可以传入一段字符串或一个文件句柄.

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

soup = BeautifulSoup(open("index.html"))

soup = BeautifulSoup("<html>data</html>")

　　首先,文档被转换成Unicode,并且HTML的实例都被转换成Unicode编码

BeautifulSoup("Sacré bleu!")

<html><head></head><body>Sacré bleu!</body></html>

　　然后,Beautiful Soup选择最合适的解析器来解析这段文档,如果手动指定解析器那么Beautiful Soup会选择指定的解析器来解析文档.

对象的种类

Beautiful Soup将复杂HTML文档转换成一个复杂的树形结构,每个节点都是Python对象,所有对象可以归纳为4种: Tag , NavigableString , BeautifulSoup , Comment .

Tag

Tag 对象与XML或HTML原生文档中的tag相同:

soup = BeautifulSoup('<b class="boldest">Extremely bold</b>')

tag = soup.b

type(tag)

# <class 'bs4.element.Tag'>

　　Tag有很多方法和属性,在遍历文档树和搜索文档树中有详细解释.现在介绍一下tag中最重要的属性: name和attributes.

Name

每个tag都有自己的名字,通过 .name 来获取:

tag.name

# u'b'

如果改变了tag的name,那将影响所有通过当前Beautiful Soup对象生成的HTML文档:

tag.name = "blockquote"

tag

# <blockquote class="boldest">Extremely bold</blockquote>

Attributes

一个tag可能有很多个属性. tag <b class="boldest"> 有一个 “class” 的属性,值为 “boldest” . tag的属性的操作方法与字典相同:

tag['class']

# u'boldest'

　　也可以直接”点”取属性, 比如: .attrs :

tag.attrs

# {u'class': u'boldest'}

　　tag的属性可以被添加,删除或修改. 再说一次, tag的属性操作方法与字典一样

tag['class'] = 'verybold'

tag['id'] = 1

tag

# <blockquote class="verybold" id="1">Extremely bold</blockquote>

del tag['class']

del tag['id']

tag

# <blockquote>Extremely bold</blockquote>

tag['class']

# KeyError: 'class'

print(tag.get('class'))

巴特西

Beautiful Soup 4.2.0 文档（一）

如何使用

对象的种类

Tag

Name

Attributes

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