MYSQL数据的安装、配置
linux安装mysql服务分两种安装方法：
1、源码安装，优点是安装包比较小，只有十多M，缺点是安装依赖的库多，安装编译时间长，安装步骤复杂容易出错。
2、使用官方编译好的二进制文件安装，优点是安装速度快，安装步骤简单，缺点是安装包很大，376M左右。我这里官方编译好的Linux二进制包安装mysql。
（记的第一次安装MYSQL是在学习Hadoop的时候，部署Hive，用到了，再往后就没有用过MYSQL一直用的Oracle，这一次几方面原因，再次安装Mysql，记录下来过程，最主要的是自己电脑上的内容太多，又不是连续操作，怕忘记端口、密码等等，顺便学习Python操作Mysql时用。）
一、软件下载
到mysql官网下载mysql编译好的二进制安装包，在下载页面Select Platform:选项选择linux-generic，然后把页面拉到底部，64位系统下载Linux - Generic (glibc 2.5) (x86, 64-bit)。
地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
软件包上传、解压步骤略......
二、安装环境检查（初次安装可忽略）
1.检查是否有rpm包，如果没有用rpm安装过mysql，不应该有残留，如果有，需要删掉
检查语法: rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
删除语法: rpm -e <包的名字>
如果遇到依赖，无法删除，使用 rpm -e --nodeps <包的名字> 不检查依赖，直接删除rpm包。
2.卸载系统自带的mariadb
检查语法: rpm -qa|grep Mariadb
删除语法: rpm -e <包的名字>
3.查看所有的 mysql目录 ，并删除
find / -name mysql
三、安装
1.创建mysql用户组和mysql用户
groupadd mysql //创建mysql 用户组
useradd -g mysql mysql //创建一个用户名为mysql的用户并加入mysql用户组
2.通过ssh工具，将MySQL安装包 mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz 拖拽到 /software目录下并解压
解压指令tar -xvf mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
3.将解压后的安装包复制到/opt 目录下,并重命名mysql
cp -Rf mysql-8.0.13-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /opt/mysql
4.修改权限
cd /opt/mysql
chown –R mysql //把当前目录下的文件及目录的属性改为mysql用户
chgrp –R mysql //把当前目录下的文件所属的组件改为mysql组
5.创建data目录，作为数据库存储位置
mkdir /opt/mysql/data
6.配置my.cnf文件
此文件非常重要，初始化之前一定要把此文件放到 /etc 目录下，
此文件内容如下（路径根据自己的实际情况）：
[root@centos04 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
添加/修改如下：
[client]
port =
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
basedir=/opt/mysql
datadir=/opt/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
7.初始化mysql
/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data
[root@centos04 opt]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data
2018-11-23T05:37:20.419244Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default.
Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2018-11-23T05:37:20.435233Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.13) initializing of server in progress as process 18027
2018-11-23T05:37:20.456938Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013242] [Server] --character-set-server: 'utf8' is currently an alias for the character set UTF8MB3,
but will be an alias for UTF8MB4 in a future release. Please consider using UTF8MB4 in order to be unambiguous.
2018-11-23T05:37:23.561315Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ti_g<4t/ZvcC
2018-11-23T05:37:25.859931Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.13) initializing of server has completed
[root@centos04 opt]#
注意：把初始密码拷贝下来，备份
chown -R root . //把当前目录下的文件及目录的属性改为root 用户
chown -R mysql data
四、启动并检查
1.启动mysql,并查看是否已经启动成功
/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[root@centos04 opt]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[]
[root@centos04 opt]# --23T03::.200011Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
--23T03::.240320Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /opt/mysql/data
中间启动失败了。错误如下：
[root@centos04 opt]# --23T03::.579575Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
--23T03::.616041Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /opt/mysql/data
--23T03::.237984Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
原因为：socket的路径mysql用户没有write的权限。报错如下：
--23T03::.746257Z [ERROR] [MY-] [Server] A message intended for a client cannot be sent there as no client-session is attached.
Therefore, we're sending the information to the error-log instead: MY-000001 - Can't create/write to file '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid'
(OS errno - Permission denied)
--23T03::.746285Z [ERROR] [MY-] [Server] Can't start server: can't create PID file: Permission denied
对该路径修改所属合写入权限：
[root@centos04 mysql]# chown -Rf mysql.mysql /var/run/mysqld
[root@centos04 mysql]# chmod /var/run/mysqld
2.通过初始密码登录mysql,并修改密码
/opt/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p password
-----这里有问题一直登录不上，后面解决。
3.设置开机自启
cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig --list mysqld
[root@centos04 opt]# cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
[root@centos04 opt]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@centos04 opt]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@centos04 opt]# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld :off :off :off :off :off :off :off
执行service mysqld stop关闭命令
[root@centos04 opt]# service mysqld stop
--23T04::.201042Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
[]+ Done /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql
[root@centos04 opt]#
然后在执行service mysqld start启动命令
[root@centos04 opt]# service mysqld start
MySQL Daemon failed to start.
Starting mysqld: [FAILED]
启动失败，日志如下：
:: mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /opt/mysql/data
/usr/libexec/mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist
:: [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
:: InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 8.0M
:: InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: Error: log file ./ib_logfile0 is of different size bytes
InnoDB: than specified in the .cnf file bytes!
:: [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error.
:: [ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.
:: [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist
:: mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
一直不明白这个问题。
执行以下命令解决问题：mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/ --ldata=/opt/mysql/data/
[root@centos04 bin]# mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/ --ldata=/opt/mysql/data/
Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr//bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr//bin/mysqladmin -u root -h centos04 password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
/usr//bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr/ ; /usr//bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /usr//mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the /usr//scripts/mysqlbug script!
[root@centos04 bin]#
然后在执行service mysqld start启动命令
[root@centos04 opt]# service mysqld start
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
[root@centos04 opt]#
查看启动进程，ps -ef | grep mysql
[root@centos04 opt]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root : pts/ :: tail -f mysqld.log
root : pts/ :: /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/mysql/data
--socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --basedir=/usr --user=mysql
mysql : pts/ :: /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/opt/mysql/data --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
--pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root : pts/ :: grep mysql
[root@centos04 opt]#
4.解决前面登录修改密码失败
以root用户登录，mysql -u root
[root@centos04 opt]# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is
Server version: 5.1. Source distribution Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
修改root密码
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed
mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('Root#2018') where USER='root' and host='root' or host='localhost';
Query OK, rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: Changed: Warnings: mysql>
5.防火墙添加端口
我这里是关闭了防火墙的。
6.将user表的 host 改为 %,否则外网通过客户端工具会链接不上
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed
mysql> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('Root#2018') where USER='root' and host='root' or host='localhost';
Query OK, rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: Changed: Warnings: mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> update user set host ='%'where user ='root' and host ='localhost';
Query OK, row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: Changed: Warnings: mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
加上过程问题处理，这次用时3个小时，时间太长了.......
在linux下安装mysql（mysql-5.0.87-linux-i686-glibc23）
1、把 下载好的 压缩文件mysql-5.0.87-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.zip 放到 /usr/local 下
2、解压文件
(1)指令： unzip mysql-5.0.87-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.zip
(2)再次解压，指令： tar zxvf mysql-5.0.87-linux-i686-glibc23.tar.gz
3、进入到 mysql-5.0.87-linux-i686-glibc23 文件 ，然后 vi INSTALL-BINARY 进去看看，里面有我们安装的一些步骤
4、加用户组mysql，以及用户mysql
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
5、对MySQL进行初始化
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
6、变更所有权；该命令无需修改
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
7、 启动MySQL服务器
bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
8、进入mysql-5.0.87-linux-i686-glibc23目录下的bin目录，运行命令./mysql -u root -p。此时将出现password:（要求输入密码），但默认情况下root用户没有密码，所以回车即可。此时就进入mysql界面
9、简单使用MySQL
在MySQL环境中运行命令show databases;，将会显示已经有的数据库（如test）；运行命令use test，将进入test数据库
mysql>user mysql
mysql>quit //退出
关闭mysql:
bin/mysqladmin shutdown
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