1 # include<iostream>

 2 # include<bits/stdc++.h>

 3 using namespace std;

 4 # define int long long

 5 # define endl "\n"

 6 const int N = 2e5 + 10;

 7 int a[20][N];

 8 void solve()

 9 {

10    int l,r;

11    cin>>l>>r;

12    int ans = 200005;

13    for(int j = 0;j < 20;++j){

14            ans= min(ans,r-l+1-(a[j][r]-a[j][l-1]));

15    }

16    cout<<ans<<endl;

17 }

18 int tt;

19 signed main() {

20     ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

21     cin.tie(0);

22     cout.tie(0);

23

24     for(int i = 1;i <= 200000;++i){

25         bitset<20> b(i);

26         for(int j = 0;j< 20;++j) a[j][i] = b[j];

27     }

28     for(int j = 0;j < 20;++j)

29         for(int i  = 1;i <= 200000;++i){

30             a[j][i] += a[j][i-1];

31         }

32

33

34     cin >> tt;

35     while (tt--)solve();

36

37

38     return 0;

39 }