一、概念

junit是一个专门测试的框架

集合maven进行单元测试，可批量测试类中的大量方法是否符合预期

二、作用：
单元测试：测试的内容是类中的方法，每一个方法都是独立测试的。方法是测试的基本单位。

三、使用方法
1、pom内加入依赖

<dependency>

　　<groupId>junit</groupId>

　　<artifactId>junit</artifactId>

　　<version>4.11</version>

　　<scope>test</scope>

</dependency>

2、在maven中src/test/java目录下的，创建测试程序。
推荐的创建类和方法的提示：
1、测试类的名称：Test+待测试类名
2、测试方法的名称：Test+方法名称
例如：你要测试HelloMaven
创建测试类TestHelloMaven
@Test
public void testaDD(){
测试HelloMaven的add方法是否正确
}
其中testAdd叫做测试方法，定义规则：
1、方法必须是public的
2、方法必须没有返回值
3、方法名称自定义，推荐是Test+被测方法
4、方法上面加上注解@Test

四、举例，Hello项目

1、新建java源程序，存放在Hello\src\main\java\com\testbk目录下，取名HelloMaven.java

package com.testbk;

import org.junit.Assert;

import org.junit.Test;

public class TestHelloMaven{

    @Test

    public void testAdd(){

        System.out.println("maven junit testAdd()===")

        HelloMaven hello = new HelloMaven();

        int res = hello.add(10,20);

        //验证10+20是不是30，juit提供的方法，对比结果的

        //assertEquals(期望值，实际值)

        Assert.assertEquals(30,res)

    }

}

2、新建maven测试类型，存放在Hello\src\main\java\com\testbk目录下，取名TestHelloMaven.java

package com.testbk;

import org.junit.Assert;

import org.junit.Test;

public class TestHelloMaven{

    @Test

    public void testAdd(){

        System.out.println("maven junit testAdd()===")

        HelloMaven hello = new HelloMaven();

        int res = hello.add(10,20);

        //验证10+20是不是30，juit提供的方法，对比结果的

        //assertEquals(期望值，实际值)

        Assert.assertEquals(30,res)

    }

    @Test

    public void testAdd2(){

        System.out.println("#####maven junit testAdd()2###");

        HelloMaven hello = new HelloMaven();

        int res = hello.add(10,20);

        //验证10+20是不是30，juit提供的方法，对比结果的

        //assertEquals(期望值，实际值)

        Assert.assertEquals(50,res);

    }

}

3、执行mvn clean：清理target目录

[INFO] Scanning for projects...

[INFO]

[INFO] ------------------------< com.testbk:testjava >-------------------------

[INFO] Building maven 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ testjava ---

[INFO] Deleting D:\javaProjects\Hello\target

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Total time:  0.196 s

[INFO] Finished at: 2021-04-25T22:50:10+08:00

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

4、执行mvn compile：编译main/java目录下的java为class文件，同时把class拷贝到target/classes目录下面

[INFO] Scanning for projects...

[INFO]

[INFO] ------------------------< com.testbk:testjava >-------------------------

[INFO] Building maven 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ testjava ---

[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.

[INFO] Copying 0 resource

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ testjava ---

[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!

[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\javaProjects\Hello\target\classes

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Total time:  0.724 s

[INFO] Finished at: 2021-04-25T22:54:23+08:00

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

5、执行mvn test-compile:编译test/java目录下的java为class文件，同时class拷贝到target/test-classes目录下面

[INFO] Scanning for projects...

[INFO]

[INFO] ------------------------< com.testbk:testjava >-------------------------

[INFO] Building maven 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT

[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ testjava ---

[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.

[INFO] Copying 0 resource

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ testjava ---

[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ testjava ---

[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.

[INFO] Copying 0 resource

[INFO]

[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ testjava ---

[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!

[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to D:\javaProjects\Hello\target\test-classes

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Total time:  0.764 s

[INFO] Finished at: 2021-04-25T22:55:43+08:00

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

6、执行mvn test：查看测试结果，通过1，失败1，并在指定目录生成测试报告

Results :

Failed tests:   testAdd2(com.testbk.TestHelloMaven): expected:<50> but was:<30>

Tests run: 2, Failures: 1, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BUILD FAILURE

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Total time:  1.050 s

[INFO] Finished at: 2021-04-25T22:57:16+08:00

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) on project testjava: There are test failures.

[ERROR]

[ERROR] Please refer to D:\javaProjects\Hello\target\surefire-reports for the individual test results.

[ERROR] -> [Help 1]

[ERROR]

[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.

[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.

[ERROR]

[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:

[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoFailureException

7、修改测试代码，并再次执行mvn test

package com.testbk;

import org.junit.Assert;

import org.junit.Test;

public class TestHelloMaven{

    @Test

    public void testAdd(){

        System.out.println("=====maven junit testAdd()===");

        HelloMaven hello = new HelloMaven();

        int res = hello.add(10,20);

        //验证10+20是不是30，juit提供的方法，对比结果的

        //assertEquals(期望值，实际值)

        Assert.assertEquals(30,res);

    }

    @Test

    public void testAdd2(){

        System.out.println("#####maven junit testAdd()2###");

        HelloMaven hello = new HelloMaven();

        int res = hello.add(30,20);

        //验证10+20是不是30，juit提供的方法，对比结果的

        //assertEquals(期望值，实际值)

        Assert.assertEquals(50,res);

    }

}

查看运行结果，测试通过

 T E S T S

-------------------------------------------------------

Running com.testbk.TestHelloMaven

=====maven junit testAdd()===

#####maven junit testAdd()2###

Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.034 sec

Results :

Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

[INFO] Total time:  1.282 s

[INFO] Finished at: 2021-04-25T22:58:41+08:00

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

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