SQL Server玩了有些年，最近想玩玩Oracle，于是想到装一台Oracle server来玩玩。第一次在Linux下安装Oracle，整个过程参考了一篇文章：http://blog.csdn.net/huangyanlong/article/details/45021171

环境：VMWare Workstatrion 8.0.3

操作系统：CentOS 7 x64

数据库：Oracle 12c x64

1）安装好Centos 7，这一步跳过

2）从Oracle官网下载12c的安装包，也跳过

3）把软件从本地上传到VM的linux服务器上

这一步的做法是：把虚机的网络连接方式设置成桥接>>在linux服务器上配置ip地址和本机处在同一个网络>>把本地机器上的包含Oracle 12c安装包的目录共享出来>>确保可以在linux服务器上Ping通本地机器>>用mount命令把共享目录挂载到linux服务器上>>解压linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip，linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip这两个zip包到linux服务器上

挂载：mount -t cifs -o username=Jerry,password=password,ip=192.168.1.100 //192.168.1.100/Oracle /mnt/oracle

解压：unzip ./linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip -d /usr/Oracle; unzip ./linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip -d /usr/Oracle;

禁用一些服务，用脚本来做

[root@localhost Oracle Installation]# cat servicestop.sh

chkconfig iptables off

chkconfig ip6tables off

chkconfig cups off

chkconfig firstboot off

chkconfig wpa_supplicant off

chkconfig postfix off

sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

sed -i 's/^GSSAPIAuthentication yes$/GSSAPIAuthentication no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

sed -i 's/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

这一步本来应该要去参考Oracle官方安装文档准备好要事先安装的安装包，不过由于上面参考的文章中作者已经列出，这里我直接借鉴那份列表

binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)

compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)

gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)

glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)

ksh

libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)

libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)

libXext-1.1 (x86_64)

libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64)

libX11-1.3 (x86_64)

libXau-1.0.5 (x86_64)

libxcb-1.5 (x86_64)

libXi-1.3 (x86_64)

make-3.81-19.el6

sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)

这些rpm包估计都在iso镜像中，要我去一个一个找我觉得太浪费时间，要是下次我要再装一台岂不是要再找多一次。于是我有了一个想法，就是用一个文件存储这份列表，然后写个shell通过关键字在安装盘上查找我们可能需要安装的包，然后拷贝到某个文件夹下

[root@localhost Oracle Installation]# vi cppkg

binutils

compat-libcap

compat-libstdc

gcc-

gcc-c++

glibc-

glibc-devel

ksh

libgcc

libstdc++

libstdc++-devel

libaio

libaio-devel

libXext

libXtst

libX11

libXau

libxcb

libXi-

make

sysstat

保存离开

建立bash_loop_test来拷贝rpm包到本地目录

[root@localhost Oracle Installation]# cat bash_loop_test 
#!/bin/bash

cat /home/jerry/Desktop/'Oracle Installation'/cppkg | while read line

do
find /mnt/cdrom/Packages/ -name ${line}'*' -exec cp {} /home/jerry/Desktop/'Oracle Installation'/ \;

echo $line

done

[root@localhost Oracle Installation]# sh bash_loop_test

生成安装包脚本

[root@localhost Oracle Installation]# echo /dev/null > rpm.sh; find . -name '*.rpm'|xargs -i echo 'rpm -ivh '{} >> rpm.sh ;

不过经过实践发现其实这个方法也不好，因为很多dependency在，所以其实还是要手动去安装这个包。不过至少自己知道去思考一些方法，算是练习练习shell吧

安装调用图形化需要的包，注意这里需要机器可以连接到Internet

[root@localhost Packages]#  yum -y install unixODBC

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

base                                                     | 3.6 kB     :

extras                                                   | 3.4 kB     :

updates                                                  | 3.4 kB     :

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn

 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn

 * updates: mirrors..com

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package unixODBC.x86_64 :2.3.-.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution
省略

Installed:
unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.3.1-10.el7

Complete!

[root@localhost Packages]# yum -y install unixODBC-devel

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn

 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn

 * updates: mirrors..com
省略

Installed:
unixODBC-devel.x86_64 0:2.3.1-10.el7

Complete!

[root@localhost Packages]# yum install -y xterm

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn

 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn

 * updates: mirrors..com

省略

Installed:

  xterm.x86_64 :-.el7                                                      

Dependency Installed:

  libXaw.x86_64 :1.0.-6.1.el7                                                

Complete!

添加用户和用户组，建立主目录

[root@localhost Packages]# groupadd oinstall

groupadd: group 'oinstall' already exists

[root@localhost Packages]# groupadd dba

groupadd: group 'dba' already exists

[root@localhost Packages]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

useradd: user 'oracle' already exists

[root@localhost Packages]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: The password fails the dictionary check - it is based on a dictionary word

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@localhost Packages]# id oracle

uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)

[root@localhost Packages]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1

[root@localhost Packages]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory

[root@localhost Packages]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app

[root@localhost Packages]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app

[root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

[root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

[root@localhost Packages]# sysctl -p

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

[jerry@localhost Desktop]$ cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

[root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

把下面的内容添加到文件尾部

oracle              soft    nproc   2047

oracle              hard    nproc   16384

oracle              soft    nofile  1024

oracle              hard    nofile  65536

[root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/pam.d/login

把下面的内容添加到文件尾部

session    required     /lib/security/pam_limits.so

session    required     pam_limits.so

[root@localhost Packages]# vi /etc/profile

添加到文件尾部

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

　　if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

fi

切换到oracle用户，修改.bash_profile文件

[root@localhost database]# su oracle

[oracle@localhost ~]$vi .bash_profile

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cat .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

    . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

#PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

#export PATH

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1./db_1

ORACLE_SID=jerrychen

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH  
[oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bash_profile
 

然而似乎一切顺利可以进入安装阶段时

[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller

./runInstaller: line : [: /usr/oracle/Oracle: binary operator expected

./runInstaller: line : [: too many arguments

./runInstaller: line : /usr/oracle/Oracle: No such file or directory

一时搞不懂出了什么情况。Google了一下有了头绪，原因是安装目录的名字叫Oracle \Installation。这个命名包含了\符号，就是这个原因导致了runInstaller安装脚本报错，我把目录的名称修改了一下，去除空格和特殊符号好就没报这个错误了。但是，出现了另一个错误，Display变量相关

[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than  MB.   Actual  MB    Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than  MB.   Actual  MB    Passed

Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least  colors

    >>> Could not execute auto check for display colors using command /usr/bin/xdpyinfo. Check if the DISPLAY variable is set.    Failed <<<<

Some requirement checks failed. You must fulfill these requirements before

continuing with the installation,

Continue? (y/n) [n] n

用[oracle@localhost database]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.120:0.0设置一下这个变量，然后开启另一个终端来运行runInstaller

[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than  MB.   Actual  MB    Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than  MB.   Actual  MB    Passed

Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least  colors.    Actual     Passed

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015--21_10--42PM. Please wait ...[oracle@localhost database]$

终于进入安装阶段了

有个包前面漏安装了。查了一下安装光盘没有找到这个包。原来linux 7上没有，要到linux 6上才有。但是我不可能跑去download一个linux 6的镜像嘛。用yum来安装咯。至于swap文件和oracle建议的2.8G差了800mb，我想这个不影响整个安装过程，可以等安装完再修改swap文件的大小。跳过（忽略）这项检查。

[root@localhost Packages]# yum -y install compat-libstdc++-

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn

 * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn

 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package compat-libstdc++-.x86_64 :3.2.-.el7 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================

 Package                    Arch          Version             Repository   Size

================================================================================

Installing:

 compat-libstdc++-        x86_64        3.2.-.el7        base         k

Transaction Summary

================================================================================

Install   Package

Total download size:  k

Installed size:  k

Downloading packages:

compat-libstdc++--3.2.-.el7.x86_64.rpm                |  kB   :

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

  Installing : compat-libstdc++--3.2.-.el7.x86_64                      /

  Verifying  : compat-libstdc++--3.2.-.el7.x86_64                      / 

Installed:

  compat-libstdc++-.x86_64 :3.2.-.el7                                     

Complete!

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