一、About  thrift  
         thrift是一种可伸缩的跨语言服务的发展软件框架。它结合了功能强大的软件堆栈的代码生成引擎，以建设服务，工作效率和无缝地与C + +，C#，Java，Python和PHP和Ruby结合。thrift是facebook开发的，我们现在把它作为开源软件使用。thrift允许你定义一个简单的定义文件中的数据类型和服务接口。以作为输入文件，编译器生成代码用来方便地生成RPC客户端和服务器通信的无缝跨编程语言（来自百度百科）。   
  >>>最初由facebook开发用做系统内个语言之间的RPC通信 。
  >>>2007年由facebook贡献到apache基金 ，现在是apache下的opensource之一 。
  >>>支持多种语言之间的RPC方式的通信：php语言client可以构造一个对象，调用相应的服务方法来调用java语言的服务 ，跨越语言的C/S   rpc  调用 。

二、什么是thrift，怎么工作？

java  rmi的例子，代码见附件，建立一个java rmi的流程  ：
  >>>定义一个服务调用接口 。
  >>>server端：接口实现---impl的实例---注册该服务实现（端口）---启动服务。
  >>>client端：通过ip、端口、服务名，得到服务，通过接口来调用 。
  >>>rmi数据传输方式：java对象序列化 。

Thrift  服务 
  >>>例同rmi ，需要定义通信接口、实现、注册服务、绑定端口……
  >>>如何多种语言之间通信  ？
  >>>数据传输走socket（多种语言均支持），数据再以特定的格式（String ），发送，接收方语言解析   。
        Object --->  String --->  Object  。

问题：编码、解析完全需要自己做 ，复杂的数据结构会编码困难 .

Thrift  服务 ：thrift的中间编码层
  >>>java  Object ---> Thrift  Object ---> php  Object  
  >>> 定义thrift的文件 ，由thrift文件（IDL）生成 双方语言的接口、model ，在生成的model以及接口中会有解码编码的代码 。
  >>>thrift   文件例子
     thrift-0.7.0.exe   -r   -gen  java    TestThrift.thrift    生成java 代码
     thrift-0.7.0.exe   -r   -gen  php    TestThrift.thrift    生成php代码
     thrift-0.7.0.exe   -r   -gen  py       TestThrift.thrift    生成python代码
     thrift-0.7.0.exe   -r   -gen  as3     TestThrift.thrift    生成as3代码
     thrift-0.7.0.exe   -r   -gen  cpp     TestThrift.thrift    生成C++代码

三、Thrift  IDL
                
       http://www.cnblogs.com/tianhuilove/archive/2011/09/05/2167669.html

http://wiki.apache.org/thrift/
          
       http://wiki.apache.org/thrift/ThriftTypes

四、Thrift   Demo
Thrift  IDL 文件

namespace java com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index

struct  NewsModel{

1:i32 id ;

2:string title;

3:string content;

4:string media_from;

5:string author;

}

service IndexNewsOperatorServices {

bool indexNews(1:NewsModel indexNews),

bool deleteArtificiallyNews(1:i32 id )

}

java  server

package com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;

import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer;

import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer;

import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer.Args;

import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket;

import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerTransport;

import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportFactory;

public class ThriftServerTest {

	/**

	 * @param args

	 */

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		IndexNewsOperatorServices.Processor processor = new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Processor(new IndexNewsOperatorServicesImpl());

		try{

			TServerTransport serverTransport = new TServerSocket( new InetSocketAddress("0.0.0.0",9813));

			Args trArgs=new Args(serverTransport);

			trArgs.processor(processor);

			//使用二进制来编码应用层的数据

			trArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory(true, true));

			//使用普通的socket来传输数据

			trArgs.transportFactory(new TTransportFactory());

			TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(trArgs);

			System.out.println("server begin ......................");

			server.serve();

			System.out.println("---------------------------------------");

			server.stop();

		}catch(Exception e){

			throw new RuntimeException("index thrift server start failed!!"+"/n"+e.getMessage());

		}

	}

}

java client

package com.gemantic.analyse.thrift.index;

import org.apache.thrift.TException;

import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol;

import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;

import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;

import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;

public class ThriftClientTest {

	/**

	 * @param args

	 * @throws TException

	 */

	public static void main(String[] args) throws TException {

		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		TTransport transport = new TSocket("10.0.0.41", 9813);

		long start=System.currentTimeMillis();

//		TTransport transport = new TSocket("218.11.178.110",9090);

        TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);

        IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client client=new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client(protocol);

        transport.open();

        client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123456);

        NewsModel newsModel=new NewsModel();

        newsModel.setId(789456);

        newsModel.setTitle("this from java client");

        newsModel.setContent("　世界杯比赛前，由于塞尔维亚和黑山突然宣布分裂，国际足联开会决定剔除塞黑，由世界上球迷最多的国家顶替，名额恰巧来到中国。举国上下一片欢腾，中国足协决定由“成世铎”（成龙+阎世铎）组队，进军世界杯。");

        newsModel.setAuthor("ddc");

        newsModel.setMedia_from("新华08");

        client.indexNews(newsModel);

        transport.close();

        System.out.println((System.currentTimeMillis()-start));

        System.out.println("client sucess!");

	}

}

php client

<?php

$GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'] = '/home/tjiang/demo/thrift/lib/php/src';

require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/Thrift.php';

require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/protocol/TBinaryProtocol.php';

require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/transport/TSocket.php';

require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/transport/THttpClient.php';

require_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/transport/TBufferedTransport.php';

include_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/packages/TestThrift/TestThrift_types.php';

include_once $GLOBALS['THRIFT_ROOT'].'/packages/TestThrift/IndexNewsOperatorServices.php';

$data=array(

'id'=>'1',

'title'=>'demo-标题',

'content'=>'demo-内容',

'media_from'=>'hexun',

'author'=>'xiaodi667'

);

$thrif_server_url = '10.0.0.41';

$transport = new TSocket($thrif_server_url, 9813);

$transport->open();

$protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport);

$client= new IndexNewsOperatorServicesClient($protocol, $protocol);

$obj = new NewsModel($data);

$result = $client->indexNews($obj);

$transport->close();

?>

python client

#!/usr/bin/env python

#

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one

# or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file

# distributed with this work for additional information

# regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file

# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the

# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance

# with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

#

#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

#

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,

# software distributed under the License is distributed on an

# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY

# KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the

# specific language governing permissions and limitations

# under the License.

#

import sys

from TestThrift.ttypes import NewsModel

from TestThrift.IndexNewsOperatorServices import Client

from thrift import Thrift

from thrift.transport import TSocket

from thrift.transport import TTransport

from thrift.protocol import TBinaryProtocol

try:

  # Make socket

  transport = TSocket.TSocket('10.0.0.41', 9813)

  # Buffering is critical. Raw sockets are very slow

  transport = TTransport.TBufferedTransport(transport)

  # Wrap in a protocol

  protocol = TBinaryProtocol.TBinaryProtocol(transport)

  # Create a client to use the protocol encoder

  client = Client(protocol)

  # Connect!

  transport.open()

  client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123)

  newsModel=NewsModel()

  newsModel.id=123456

  newsModel.title="python Test"

  newsModel.content="client test  come from python";

  newsModel.media_from="xinhua08"

  client.indexNews(newsModel)

  #close

  transport.close()

except Thrift.TException, tx:

  print '%s' % (tx.message)

Csharp client

                TTransport transport = new TSocket("10.0.0.41", 9813);

                TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport);

                IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client client = new IndexNewsOperatorServices.Client(protocol);

                transport.Open();

                NewsModel model = new NewsModel();

                model.Author = "jww";

                model.Title = "title";

                model.Content = "client   Come   From   CSharp";

                model.Id = 1;

                client.deleteArtificiallyNews(123);

                Console.WriteLine(client.indexNews(model));

五、Thrift 协议栈 以及各层的使用（java 为例）

1、model   interface
       服务的调用接口以及接口参数model、返回值model
2、Tprotocol    协议层
         将数据（model）编码 、解码 。
3、Ttramsport 传输层
        编码后的数据传输（简单socket、http）
5、Tserver
        服务的Tserver类型，实现了几种rpc调用（单线程、多线程、非阻塞IO）

六、与protocolbuffer的区别
http://liuchangit.com/development/346.html
           
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/69316/biggest-differences-of-thrift-vs-protocol-buffers

区别：
1、Another important difference are the languages supported by default.    protobuf: Java, C++, Python    Thrift: Java, C++, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, Smalltalk, Ocaml
支持语言不同，thrift支持着更多的语言 。
2、Thrift supports ‘exceptions 。
   thrift支持服务的异常 。
3、Protocol Buffers much easier to read 。Protobuf API looks cleaner, though the generated classes are all packed as an inner classes which is not so nice.
   Protocol Buffers 在文档方面比thrift丰富，而且比thrift简单 。
4、Protobuf serialized objects are about 30% smaller then Thrift.
   Protocol Buffers在序列化/反序列化、传输上性能更优 。
5、RPC is another key difference. Thrift generates code to implement RPC clients and servers wheres Protocol Buffers seems mostly designed as a data-interchange format alone. 
    thrift提供了一套完整的rpc服务实现（多线程socket、非阻塞的socket....）
6、And according to the wiki the Thrift runtime doesn't run on Windows.
   thrift 对有些语言在windows上不支持：C++   .....

原文转自： http://www.aboutyun.com/thread-7139-1-1.html