/*cb37a-_c++_STL_算法_复制元素copy_copy_backward

 copy(),同一个容器内部区间的拷贝，或者容器与容器之间的拷贝

 copy_backward()//向后copy

 注意：

 1.没有copy_if算法，可以使用remove_copy_if()算法

 2.复制过程中要逆转元素次序，使用reverse_copy()算法

 3.把容器内所有元素赋值给另一个容器，要使用赋值操作符或者容器的assign()成员函数

 4.复制工程中删除某些元素，使用remove_copy()和remove_copy_if()算法

 5.复制中改变元素，使用transform()或者replace_copy()算法

 STL算法-修改性算法

 for_each()

 copy()

 copy_backward()

 transform()

 merge()

 swap_ranges()

 fill()

 fill_n()

 generate()

 generate_n()

 replace()

 replace_if()

 replace_copy()

 replace_copy_if()

 ---------------------------

 Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime Library

 ---------------------------

 Debug Assertion Failed!

 Program: D:\Users\txwtech\projects\cb37a\Debug\cb37a.exe

 File: d:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\2017\community\vc\tools\msvc\14.16.27023\include\vector

 Line: 94

 Expression: can't decrement vector iterator before begin

 For information on how your program can cause an assertion

 failure, see the Visual C++ documentation on asserts.

 (Press Retry to debug the application)

 ---------------------------

 中止(A)   重试(R)   忽略(I)

 ---------------------------

 copy_backward(ilist.begin(), ilist.end(), ivec.begin());

 copy_backward的最后一个参数需要从最后往前面拷贝数据，所以应该是ivec.end().

 Expression: can't decrement vector iterator before begin

 意思就是指针溢出了，ivec.begin()之前的数据，就超出范围。

 copy_backward是从ivec.end()的前一个数开始copy. ivec.end()是指向最后一个的下一个。

 ---------------------------

 Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime Library

 ---------------------------

 Debug Assertion Failed!

 Program: D:\Users\txwtech\projects\cb37a\Debug\cb37a.exe

 File: d:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\2017\community\vc\tools\msvc\14.16.27023\include\list

 Line: 187

 Expression: cannot dereference end list iterator

 For information on how your program can cause an assertion

 failure, see the Visual C++ documentation on asserts.

 (Press Retry to debug the application)

 ---------------------------

 中止(A)   重试(R)   忽略(I)

 ---------------------------

 Expression: cannot dereference end list iterator，空的容器就会出问题。

 使用list迭代器，先定义容量。

 比如：list<int> ilist(20);//默认20个0，

 copy(ivec.begin(), ivec.end(), ilist2.begin());

 copy到ilist必须要保证ilist有足够的空间。

 或者使用back_inserter

 copy(ivec.begin(), ivec.end(), back_inserter(ilist));//这样就不用考虑容器容量问题

 rror C2065: “ostream_iterator”: 未声明的标识符,需要包含：#include <iterator>

 */

 #include <iostream>

 #include <algorithm>

 #include <vector>

 #include <list>

 #include <iterator>

 using namespace std;

 int main()

 {

     list<int> ilist;

     for (int i = ; i < ; ++i)

         ilist.push_back(i);

     for (list<int>::iterator iter = ilist.begin(); iter != ilist.end(); ++iter)

         cout << *iter << ' ';

     cout << endl;

     vector<int> ivec(ilist.size()*);

     for (vector<int>::iterator iter = ivec.begin(); iter != ivec.end(); ++iter)

         cout << *iter << ' ';

     cout << endl;

     copy(ilist.begin(), ilist.end(), ivec.begin());

     cout << "copy后的数据" << endl;

     for (vector<int>::iterator iter = ivec.begin(); iter != ivec.end(); ++iter)

         cout << *iter << ' ';

     cout << endl;

     //copy_backward的最后一个参数一定是ivec.end().

     copy_backward(ilist.begin(), ilist.end(), ivec.end());

     cout << "copy_backward后的数据" << endl;

     //

     for (vector<int>::iterator iter = ivec.begin(); iter != ivec.end(); ++iter)

         cout << *iter << ' ';

     cout << endl;

     //例子2

     vector<int> ivec2;

     list<int> ilist2();//默认分配空间，20个0；

     for (int i = ; i <= ; ++i)

         ivec2.push_back(i);

     copy(ivec2.begin(), ivec2.end(), ilist2.begin());

     for (list<int>::iterator iter = ilist2.begin(); iter != ilist2.end(); ++iter)

         cout << *iter << ' ';

     cout << endl;

     cout << "copy拷贝到输出流里面" << endl;

     copy(ivec2.begin(), ivec2.end(), ostream_iterator<int>(cout," "));

     cout << endl;

     cout << "rbegin()逆向迭代器拷贝" << endl;

     copy(ivec2.rbegin(), ivec2.rend(), ilist2.begin());

     for (list<int>::iterator iter = ilist2.begin(); iter != ilist2.end(); ++iter)

         cout << *iter << ' ';

     cout << endl;

     return ;

 }

 /*cb37b_c++_

 */

 #include <iostream>

 #include <algorithm>

 #include <vector>

 using namespace std;

 int main()

 {

     vector<char> source(, '.');

     for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'f'; c++)

     {

         source.push_back(c);

     }

     source.insert(source.end(), , '.');

     for (vector<char>::iterator iter = source.begin(); iter != source.end(); ++iter)

         cout << *iter << ' ';

     cout << endl;

     vector<char> c1(source.begin(), source.end());

     copy(c1.begin() + , c1.begin() + , c1.begin() + );

     //自己对自己容器修改

     /*

     . . . . . . . . . . a b c d e f . . . . . . . . . .

     . . . . . . . a b c d e f d e f . . . . . . . . . .

     把a b c d e f从索引7开始拷贝，覆盖。

     */

     for (vector<char>::iterator iter = c1.begin(); iter != c1.end(); ++iter)

         cout << *iter << ' ';

     cout << endl;

     vector<char> c2(source.begin(), source.end());

     copy_backward(c2.begin() + , c2.begin() + , c2.begin() + );

     //从f开始拷贝，从右边，最后面开始拷贝的。

     for (vector<char>::iterator iter = c2.begin(); iter != c2.end(); ++iter)

         cout << *iter << ' ';

     cout << endl;

 }